Why Nobody Feels Loved Anymore - Sonja Lyubomirsky - #1115

You've been studying happiness for 36 years. Is there a commonality between all of the most effective happiness interventions that you've found? Yes. Well, thank you for aging me, but yes, 36 years. So actually, it was 1998. My lab pioneered happiness interventions. So 98, long time ago, 20 years ago, Bill Clinton was in the White House. And so I've been doing research on these interventions, testing whether practices like expressing gratitude or doing acts of kindness or being social makes people happier. So interventions are like clinical trials, but instead of testing a vaccine, we're testing like a happiness strategy. And then one day, it finally hit me that what all these interventions had in common is the ones that worked, the reason they worked is because they made us feel more connected to and loved by others, right? So when I write a gratitude letter to my mom, it makes me feel more loved by her, right? When I do an act of kindness for a colleague or a friend, it makes me feel closer to him. So almost all happiness practices, maybe not all, like maybe if you run on the beach or meditate, it's not about connection, but almost all of them are about feeling connected and feeling loved. Why? We, I think the human species wouldn't have survived if we did not feel connected and loved, and it's a extremely strong signal. And so what I concluded is the key to happiness is feeling connected, which sounds like a cliche, right? And when you think about like in our ancestral past, if we did not feel connected and loved, we wouldn't survive. We wouldn't find mates, like we wouldn't pass on our genes. So it's incredibly important. It's one of the most important tasks of human beings is to sort of maintain connection. Okay. So to take a bit of an evolutionary lens, if you are not belonging to the tribe, maturing to the tribe, understood by the tribe, and a part of that, a human on its own 20,000 years ago isn't going to last very long. Therefore, it's important for you to get back into connection. It doesn't seem to me though that unhappiness necessarily drives people back to connection and love. It can often make people behave in ways, have habits and a demeanor that actually makes them kind of hard to love. Right. So it's not really unhappiness that drives them back to connection. It's not feeling loved or feeling lonely, which actually is very, very similar to feeling unloved. I think actually a lonely moment, and a moment where you don't feel loved, are almost identical, and there are signals to us humans that something's a rise, something's a miss. I need to regain, reconnect that connection. I actually was feeling a little lonely a few weeks ago. I don't usually feel lonely. I have lots of friends and family who love me, and I left a message for a friend, and she just actually just left me a message back yesterday, and she said, "Oh, I feel so sorry for you. I feel so bad. I wish I were there." And she's like, "Sonia, feeling lonely is a signal that you need to kind of put more effort and energy into reconnecting." So lots of people spend their entire lives trying to be lovable. Is that the wrong goal entirely? Yes. Well, there's a part of it that's not a bad thing, which is if you want to be a better person, working on yourself, wonderful. But I think when you don't feel loved to conclude that, "Oh, I don't feel loved. I need to make myself more lovable." Like, I need to sort of somehow broadcast how wonderful I am, or maybe I need to get richer, or more famous, or more beautiful, so people would love me more. That's the part that's a myth, and it does not actually get you to feel more loved. Is it a supply of love problem, or an acceptance of love problem? I think it's an, or not just acceptance, but it's not a supply of love problem. So many of us are loved, but we still don't feel loved. So why is that? Maybe somehow we don't trust it. We don't see it. It's not somehow getting in. I think of it as a cup of love. This cup of love, and you're pouring love. You're showing love to me, but maybe it has a leak in the bottom, and the love is sort of leaking out. Or maybe it has a lid. It doesn't have much of a place to get in. That's one way that that happens. But okay, so the idea is that when we think, when we think, we're not love, we think, "Oh, I need to make myself more lovable." And so I sort of show you how wonderful I am. And what does that accomplish? It might lead you to admire me, right? I might impress you. It happens all the time. Like, here I'm sitting here talking to you, Chris, and I want you to think that I'm smart and interesting and funny and kind. And I might succeed in impressing you, and I might succeed at you admiring me, but it's not going to forge a connection. So that's not the answer to real connection. What's the difference? So I think admiration is like, it's like an influencer who has a lot of followers, and they might be admired, but the followers don't really know them. And my co-author of my book, How To Feel Love, Harry Reason, I believe that the really the key to feeling loved is being known. Because if you don't really know me, if I'm just broadcasting my positive qualities, hiding my weaknesses, you don't really know who I am on the inside, what really matters to me. And if you don't really know me, I can't truly ever feel loved, because I'll always wonder if he knew me, maybe he wouldn't love me. So that fear of being seen. Yeah. Just definitionally, what does it mean to feel loved? Feeling loved means that I believe I make a difference in your life and that I really matter in your life. It's really comes down to that. I mean love, of course, is about affection and care and intertwined goals, but I think it really comes down to like, I matter to you and you matter to me. And it's much broader, by the way, than of course romantic love. And what we talk about feeling loved, we were talking about feeling loved at work by your neighbors, by your family, by your friends. So it's not just about your partner. 40% of people say they don't feel as loved as they want to be by their partner. And nearly two thirds of young men feel that nobody truly knows them. Isn't that terrible? Yeah. It's really sad. It's a problem. I actually think those numbers are probably understatements. I bet people, you know, are feeling embarrassed about them. Yeah, exactly, exactly. So yeah, we did a survey, expressly, for the book, right, found that was it 70% said they don't feel as loved as they want to be at least one significant relationship in their life. So it's 70%. And why is that? I think many of them have love. They have connection. They have friends. And somehow, yeah, they're not, they're not, it's not getting it. It's not getting internalized. What are the big ways structurally, tactically, literally? What are the big ways that people don't accept love? Well, I was talking about the cup of love. I think if you're anxiously attached or avoidantly attached, I think that's a huge barrier. Somehow, again, if you're anxious, it's like you're watching for signs of rejection. Science that the person doesn't love you. If you're avoided, maybe you're not even noticing the signs of love. I mean, it could even be, it's funny. The idea of the love languages. We actually did bunk. The idea of the love languages in the book. We have a whole section. We didn't do it. Someone else did it. But there's, there's a truth to it. I mean, it's a good heuristic that if somehow I actually was dating someone who kept sending me gifts, like in the mail with like little handwritten notes. It's actually really cute. And yet, didn't do the things that I actually really wanted him to do, which is really like saying something to me or, you know, my love quote, love languages are words of affirmation and physical touch. Wait a second. Have you debunked it? Or are you like a subject to it? What we've debunked is that there's not just five languages. There's, there's many. And that the way we debunked is not we, other people have debunked the idea that matching in your love language predicts like how good or how strong or how stable your relationship is. It does not predict that. It turns out everyone cares about two love languages, words of affirmation and quality of time. It also turns out that the more love languages your partner shows love to you, the better. So it's not about the matching. That's the matching idea that really we've debunked. But I think it's a great heuristic. So I like to talk about it. So I'll bring it. So it is funny. Like I'm like, bring it in and yet I've debunked it. A little pick a direct. I know exactly. But yeah, anyway, this example, I was dating someone who was sending me gifts. And that was his love language. And I just wasn't reading it. Like I wasn't seeing that. Like I wasn't saying that that's an expression of love. So that does happen sometimes when the you just not, yeah, you're not taking it in whatever the person is doing. Their love language is different from yours. Okay. What else? What is some of the other ways that people are rejecting love, not accepting it? Yeah. If you don't love yourself very much, it's hard to see signs of other people's love as genuine. Now, everything everything we talk about is really much more nuanced than like a simple explanation. So for example, a lot of you will think, if you don't love yourself, you can't really love other people. I think that's a that's a myth. And I think Esther Peral actually was a was someone I heard talking about that. She said, no, you learn to love yourself also in the context of relationships. It's a bidirectional kind of thing. Having said that, if you really don't love yourself, if you love self esteem, you're not going to believe other people's expressions of love. You're not going to be aware of them. You're going to see as genuine. Furthermore, if you don't love yourself, you literally are going to be, quote, less loveable, right? People, people, it leaks out, right? That you're yourself images is poor and you're not going to be as likely to receive love. So, so I think that's another barrier. Yeah. What have you learned about building self esteem and self love? It's it sounds here like, hey, we're on the receive. Yeah. But in the context of self esteem and self love, we are both the recipient and the giver. Yeah. I would say nothing. That is the one thing. I don't know. I'm an interventionist. I'm an experimental social psychologist. I don't know of any good interventions. to increase people's self-esteem. - No way. - Well, interventions in the lab that have been actually evidence-based. I mean, of course I can-- - Well, we can do anything off vibes, right? I can come up with something that sounds good. That's the reason we need you. We need you to test whether or not my vibe coding of an intervention is actually good on it. - But remember, our absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, right? So just because there aren't interventions that just mean that they wouldn't work, I mean, I could speculate, you know, like based on years of experience and expertise that, you know, like for example, just pursuing goals, passions that are important to you, you know, and having successes in those things and practicing your social skills like that's gonna build your self-esteem. I just don't know any, maybe they're out there, but I don't know any successful interventions that have actually boosted people's self-esteem. - That's interesting. I wonder whether, and this is completely in fact, I'm gonna take this off, and I'm gonna put this one on for the time being. - Love it. - This is the broad scientist, huh? - Love it, yeah. I wonder if part of self-esteem is kind of like an aggregate, a lagging measure aggregate for how your local ecosystem, socially and emotionally, seems to be feeding back to you in a positive way. That self-esteem can be built up on your own, but you need to be very deluded if you were able to hold self-esteem when the world was giving you no evidence that you should hold onto it, right? Because that would be incredibly maladaptive. You are, as a social creature, you're actively ignoring signals that you should pay attention to. If everybody else in the tribe is going, Sonya, you can't behave like that. You can't keep behaving like that. We're not giving you positive reinforcement, we're not giving you love, we're not giving you belonging, you're not maturing, we're not listening, we don't care, because you're being an asshole. You're being an asshole, and that's maladaptive to the group as a whole. Presumably, the opposite of that would be, this is good, keep going, more of that, this is helping us, you are a good person, you are contributing, we care about you, and over time, that would help to build up. Now, people can have self-esteem that is self-generated, but again, you need to have nerves of steel or basically no eyes and tears, if you're going to ignore the feedback from everybody else. - Yeah, all right. - It's my neuroscience. - No, no, that is actually, and I'm not just flattering you, that it's actually a brilliant idea, and you've just reproduced so much that you change hats. You've just independently developed some really solid theories in psychology about how self-esteem is kind of a measure, like a metric, a meter of what's happening. - What's happening? - Exactly. A sociometer, I think, is what someone calls it, when my colleagues calls it, we're social animals, right? We don't live in isolation, where we don't, man does not live in an island, right? - Yeah. - And so that also means, so if I were to build a self-esteem intervention right now, I would say, go out, and this is actually very similar to my happiest interventions, go out and help other people, right? Contribute to community. Well, actually, the three buckets that contribute to happiness are anything to do with connection, so go and connect with other people, right? Spend time with others, listen, we'll get back to that later, to contribution to society, to community, right? Helping others, when you help others, you're going to get positive feedback from the world. And then the third is personal growth, right? So work on yourself. But it also can be just like learning to garden, learning a new language, going to travel, having experiences that you can talk about to other people that gives you a steep, right? If you sit home in your garage all day, right? You're not gonna build that very easily. - Is the person that you're dating the most important relationship for providing this sense of love? - Well, interesting, in Western society, most people have romantic relationships that actually have a majority end up getting married at some point I think something like 85% by age 56. I would say for a lot of people would report that that is their most important relationship. I personally think that friends are what makes life worth living. That's more of my kind of personal theory than you get more of it from friends, but it's also a very gender-based theory. So it turns out that men derive more happiness from romantic relationships than women. You probably know this. - Yeah, that's why men suffer more through divorce because so much of their social belonging was tied up in the other person whereas women had distributed it. - They put all their eggs in my basket whereas women have very close friendships, social support networks. But again, I think friends are what makes life worth living. And yeah, so really maintain those friendships. - Did you read "Friends" by Robin Dunbar? - No, but I know about it, yeah. - Interesting idea. He talks about the concentric circles of friendship. And I think he talks about you have a room in your life issue for about five very close friends but that a partner takes up two of those slots. I thought that was really interesting to think about your distributing this around. But what's the most common answer to the question how many close friends do you have to call on an emergency is zero? That's not the median, but it's the most common answer. More people have no friends to call on in an emergency than any other number. And I wonder whether people who aren't in a relationship don't realize, hey, you need two additional close friends to compensate for your singleness and that might help to fill in some of the gaps. Now yeah, there is a category of love and intimacy obviously that can't be replicated by friendships that is available in an intimate partnership, right? Obviously, but more isolation means that maybe people are placing even more pressure on romantic relationships to fulfill all of these different needs. And when they're not in a romantic relationship, they're not supplementing that with more friends. - I mean, I love that idea, the two for one, but we also have the false belief that our partner needs to fulfill all of our needs. So like Eli Finkel's book, The All or Nothing Marriage, right? And so we know this to be true and yet we still think that, right, that they, yeah. So one person needs to fulfill, you know, sexual, spiritual, emotional, intellectual needs and that almost never happens. And so which is why delegating those to friends and family is a great idea. - Are there more important words to hear than I love you? - Yes. So on Valentine's Day, right, almost all the cards say, I love you, right, almost all of them. I would say 99%. And so we had the idea that they should say, maybe it's more important or as important to say, I feel loved by you. You make me feel loved, which is really more about what they're doing, the gift that they're giving you. 'Cause again, like that's what matters. You could be loved, if you are loved, but you don't feel loved, it's like almost doesn't matter. Like it's like you could be beautiful, but you don't feel beautiful. You could be smart and you don't feel smart, then you know, that's a problem. - You might not believe me, but this is what peak sleep optimization looks like. - I'm not talking about the night gown. It's just for sex appeal. I'm talking about my eight sleep. The eight sleep pod five comes with a smart cover. You throw in your mattress that actively cools our heats each side of the bed up to 20 degrees. And now they've added the world's first temperature regulating duvet and pillowcase. So you've got 360 degree coverage for deep uninterrupted rest. It's like being Walt Disney without the cryogenic chamber and the racism. Best of all, their autopilot feature learns your sleep patterns and makes adjustments to improve your sleep in real time. It even detects when you're snoring and lifts your head a few inches to help you breathe better. That's why eight sleep has been clinically proven to add up to one hour of quality sleep per night. They have a 30 day sleep trial. So you can buy it and sleep on it for 29 nights. If you don't like it, they will give you your money back. Plus, they ship internationally. Right now, you can get up to $350 off the pod five by going to the link in the description below by heading to eightsleep.com/modernwisdom and using the code modernwisdomachekaut. That's e-i-g-t-sleep.com/modernwisdom and modernwisdom. Check out. Is there a skill to accepting love? Do you think? Is that something that can be developed over time? You know, to use a more flippant example, everyone's got that friend that when you pay them a genuine compliment, they dismiss it. This is kind of like the British approach to receiving a compliment. Oh, you must be not. You look really good today. Well, if you had nothing else to do with your life other than get ready for a party, you too would look great and you go, "Hey dude, I just worked really hard to try and give you something. That's an opportunity for you to feel good and for me to feel good, for making you feel good." And now neither of us feel good. So congratulations. But yeah, it makes me think about that but at a much deeper level, right? The skill of accepting love. And absolutely true. And actually, your example is great because I've noticed that as my friends and I get older, we are better at receiving compliments. We're just receiving generosity. It's like it does the practice. We practice and practice and practice. And I see that, like there's more of a focus on kind of self-development, you know, at least in certain circles and people are really working on themselves. And I see that everywhere. So yeah, I think almost everything can get better with practice, even when it feels really unnatural at first. - Okay. - Why is having a sharing mindset so important? - We were talking about how the key to feeling loved is to be known, right? So if you don't know me, I'll never really feel loved by you 'cause right, 'cause I always wonder, would he love me if he knew me, how do I get to know me? I need to share more of myself. It doesn't have to be trauma sharing or oversharing. It has to be done at the right pace. And also, I need to really have some emotional intelligence, like read the room. So I need to share more of myself, right? Not just the highlight reel, but more of myself. But again, not like to spill all my weaknesses. So, but I would want to test the room, right? So when you ask me, how are you? You know, most of the time I say fine. Maybe I might start with, oh, I had, you know, I was sort of struggling today with something. You know, I had a rough morning. And then I look at your reaction and see like, are you really interested to hear about my rough morning? And that's kind of the tone of the water. And then you can share more and more. So I just want to like make sure that people understand that it's not just like oversharing. I'm talking about. But it's showing like, who are you? Who do you believe to be on the inside? Like showing more of that, you know, what matters to me? It doesn't have to be something negative. It could just be like my opinion about that movie that maybe everyone likes, but I don't like it. You know, showing something genuine about me, you know, that yeah, that shows you who I am. It's an interesting bi-directional relationship here too, right? I think about the UK as well. There is a good culture of mocking in the UK, especially as you're a kid growing up. There's a piss-taking banter back and forth. One of the interesting things there is if you try to put a slightly orthogonal opinion forward, I'm going to say something that's a little bit different to what most people expect. Typically that's not met with, oh, that's really interesting. Now that's, I've never thought about stuff like that before. That's really cool. I'm really glad that you brought that up. It's why we say that, that's so strange. And I think if you think about that in the context of a relationship, the fact that this is going back and forth between two people means that the less it is encouraged and received, wow, that thing that you've said that was evidently surprising to me that might have taken a little bit of effort for you to say that wasn't received and encouraged in the way that might make you want to continue to do it more. That means that you do it less and a less encouraged to do it, which means that I know you less, which means that I don't get the opportunity to do it. It was an official cycle. And actually, someone was just telling me like they had one time, they were vulnerable and they really got punished for it. They got judged for it. It was used against them. It was one out of a hundred times and yet they now don't want to reveal anything ever about themselves. And we kind of over generalize from that. It's a formative experience. I mean, how many times I see this online lot and I'm aware people use the most extreme examples when they talk on the internet. But how many times do you see some story online about a person who really tried to open up to a partner, to a parent, to a close friend, to a confident, and it was such a painful experience for them, but that is their formative experience of what opening up, of what asking to be loved, of what asking to be known feels like. And yeah, that's ruthless. There's a, Rob Henderson, my friend told me this idea where he said, if you get rejected by one girl, but you've gone up to a hundred, even if you get rejected by a hundred, getting rejected by one is just another drop in the bucket. But if you've only ever gone up to one girl and you get rejected that one time, it's the biggest event in your entire life. And the same thing goes for, hey, maybe this is an example for if you're going to open up to somebody, make sure that the first one has got a high hit rate of at least not being an asshole to you. But bad is stronger than good. So we remember those bad events. It also suggests that maybe a parenting, something that parents should emphasize is like to model kind of sharing and sharing and listening. And I should say that we really can't talk about sharing without talking about how the person responds, as you say. And so actually feeling loved for me, I would argue starts with curiosity, right? So it starts with really you being curious about me and asking deep questions. And then I know I can share, I feel safe, I feel inspired to share. So I'm not just sharing out of the blue and I have to guess whether you care or not or whether it's gonna be uncomfortable or whether you're gonna judge me or use it against me. So it really starts with curiosity. And genuine curiosity is so rare. Really when you think about it, how often are people really, really care about what goes on in your inner life and like you ask you a lot of questions. Anyway, so that's what I'm coming from is that someone asks another person a question, they genuinely are interested in getting an answer to and then you share in response. You don't just kind of share out of the blue. Okay, so sharing mindset, stepping into an interaction with the understanding I'm going to put more of myself across than I might naturally tend to and that's gonna happen. It's gonna unfold over time. I'm not gonna trauma dump immediately. And what else just on the sharing mindset, are there any other sort of pitfalls that people can deal with? - Yeah, so go slow, well, the vulnerability paradox, which we're kind of hitting on without naming it. So vulnerability paradox is that we think being vulnerable will lead other people to like us less. On average, people like us more. - It's interesting. Why do you think that's the case? - So we think, yeah, we're so focused on the bad. I reveal some kind of, I don't know, like bad habit I have and other people, I think it's so terrible people will judge me and I'm embarrassed and other people just think it's human or maybe they have the same habit. I actually, something happened to me a few weeks ago where I really, I totally bombed giving a talk. Like I usually never do, but I just completely blanked out and I was just standing there on stage and I'm like, I don't know what comes next. I literally said, I don't know what to say. And it was mortifying and I can't tell you how many people came up to me later and we're like, Sonia, like I loved it. Like it just made you more human, you know, they, so the thing that I thought was mortifying, other people thought was like a cute human failure. - I mean, that's, that was an unvolute. - Are you familiar with the Pratt fall effect? Do you know this? - Yes. - So it's when somebody gets all of the answers right in a test but they drop their pencils on the way up to hand their paper in. And it's a British study, the word Pratt. I don't know whether the word Pratt has come over to America. Anyway, we like people who show their human side which is strange, right? Because there's an assumption that we just want everybody to be as perfect as possible. - There's a great line from a famous screenwriter who said, "If you want to write a character "that no one connects with, make them perfect." All right, so we actually don't want perfection 'cause it's not human, it's not interesting, it's not complex. - I want to show you a video, Jared, can you pull up that video of that gymnastics girl? So there's this, there's a, look at this. Just watch this video. - Okay. (upbeat music) - Play. - Daddy, I'm scared. I'm not brave. - I'll save you. (baby crying) (baby crying) (baby crying) (baby crying) - Hey, hey, hey. (baby crying) - You are brave. - I love it. Daddy's done saying it. I'm brave. - You are brave. You do things that no one else has ever done. You are doing skills that are insane to even adults. There you have more courage in your little body than a thousand people have and all of their bodies can buy it. (baby crying) You are mine. I am yours. - You are mine. - Nothing you can do will ever make me stop loving you. Nothing you will do will ever cause me to give up on you. (baby crying) I'm going to let you know when I think you're making a bad choice. - Thanks. - I am not going to let you talk down to yourself. I'm not going to let you give up on yourself and I'm not going to let you quit because something might be scary. You can quit if you truly don't love something. But you cannot quit because something might scare you. (baby crying) Hey, you are not feeling me. (baby crying) I mean, if I have made you feel (baby crying) but you are not good enough for that I don't care about you. I have not done my job as a father. (baby crying) I love you very much. (baby crying) And I don't think that you have. I don't ever want you to think that I wouldn't be there and do whatever it takes to make sure that you can be successful doing whatever you want to do. Because at the end of the day, this is something you have told me you want to do. If you truly do not love cheer, guess what? You don't have to do cheer. If you truly love doing cheer, then yes, I'm going to let you know when I think you are making a silly decision because you don't think you're good enough or because you think something is too hard or too scary. The only limits that you have are the limits that you put on yourself. If you keep telling yourself, you are incapable of doing something, guess what? You will prevent yourself from doing something. If you tell yourself that you can achieve something, even if it doesn't happen right away, guess what you will eventually end up doing. Achieving it. But we have to be able to be strong here to make this if you are capable of doing it starts with this, OK? What do you think of when you say that? OK, a couple of things. Well, it was beautiful that he could go underneath what her fear was not just she's afraid of doing this flip, but she's afraid that if she fails, that maybe her dad won't love her, which is really beautiful. Like he gets under the fear. And I do have one critique. That was beautiful, obviously, what he said. But I do have one critique of this death. Well, hey, if anyone is open to feedback, something tells me that it's Anthony that they've done. And it is that what therapy-- I'm not a therapist. Well, therapist says that you want to first validate what she says, which she keeps saying, I'm scared. And he's like, no, you're not scared. And I guess what you're supposed to do is not supposed to do, right? ideally you want to kind of value it. like I understand you feel scared right now or something like that and then go and talk about it and give the speech that you get a bit of validation in the emotions. Yeah, yeah, first validate them. Is that important? Do you think when receiving love and trying to give it as well? It's so interesting. So one thing we talk about, let's say you're sharing more of yourself because you want to feel more loved and so you are sharing more of yourself and then I'm listening. So listening is so critical. Most of us are not very good listeners. And so what we do when we're trying to listen turns out the one study showed 25% of the time when we're listening our mind is wondering and I bet it's harder than because we have this inner chatter. We're like distracted or we're mostly we're rehearsing what we want to say next right how I respond to you. And we also want to sort of fix or give advice which I do all the time instead of just simply making the person feel heard which is what we're just talking about and just validate it right which is like wow that must have been really hard or that must have been really inspiring. You know how did that feel and again that sounds like therapy talk but you can put in your own words. I do think the pendulum has swung a little too far on like validating over fixing. You know that nail in the head video that's so popular the woman who has this nail in the head or you've got to watch this. Okay. So she has a nail in the head and she's like oh I feel I'm such pain and all my all my sweaters are threatening and the guys like well you have this nail in your head and she's like and basically the point of the video is she just wants to be heard. And then once he says I'm so sorry it must be so painful for you to have a nail in your head and she's like oh right and that's the point of the video was he keeps trying to give her advice can you should take the nail out of your head and then you won't feel so so much in pain and you won't shred your sweaters. And I just think like yeah it's like the again the pendulum is swung so far like as sometimes people kind of need like fucking need advice right they need to be told take the nail out of the head. But I agree that at first you want to validate and then give advice later. 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We're going to the link in the description below heading to drink LMNT dot com slash modern wisdom that drink LMNT dot com slash modern wisdom. I understand what you mean about therapy speak maybe going mainstream to an extent where validations given when it shouldn't be a lot of people do need some tough love. I don't know whether good therapy speak has been widespread yet though I get the sense that in a lot of these conversations it's still quite performative. It's people saying the thing that they've heard is kind of cool while it's really important like to just follow your body and to just do what feels good for you. As opposed to I'm going to sit in the muck with you I'm going to sit in the discomfort you know yeah the validation thing good point I'm sure Anthony will take it on board. But he's sitting he's sitting in the emotion with his daughter right he's holding that space it's unfortunate that holding space has kind of been mimified into I hate that phrase. But what it means is so good it's just a shame that the phrase is become a cliche of itself in a way. But well there's one kind of therapist speak that I think is so amazing and effective in this nonviolent communication right using I statements right so so I feel hurt when you do this as opposed to what do you always do this you know what's wrong with you. And so and that yeah that is just so effective has been shown to be effective in so many contexts and people are doing it more again instead of accusing the person. It's about you so like it's not like you're doing this is like I feel this way when when I see this or it's my understanding or the story I'm telling myself is that you're. And then you and then you ask and then you have a request. So I'm a big believer in nonviolent communication and the TLDR of that is I statements not you statements. Yeah there's a whole process to it but it's sort of I feel this when you you know so let's say yeah like let's say the person never cleaning up you know I feel you know I overburdened when you don't wash the dishes when you do this. And you know I'd like to talk about I'd like to understand what's going on maybe you're really stressed out at work. And then you have a work in the hard part is the request is like what do you actually it's easy to criticize it's harder to kind of ask the ask is the hard part you know I would it's vulnerable to sort of ask to say I yeah it's hard to ask. That's a funny as almost obvious to me why maybe it's not so obvious I would love for us to come up with an agreement about how you split how we split choice. So yeah I statements. Yeah I guess criticizing somebody else puts the ball in their court it also makes your displeasure known and like abscons you of having to take responsibility. But putting yourself forwards and going I would really like it if you did that. Is another opportunity for this person to hurt you right it's like I'm going to request this thing not only have you done this thing that pissed me off that I've now had to tell you about I've had to tell you that it's hurt me. But I'm now going to like offer you this thing. That you could reject this request that's why that's why it's vulnerable because you're risking rejection and that's life sometimes you'll be rejected. What's your advice to people who when they get to the precipice of vulnerability of exposing a little bit more of themselves and they feel like they should. That sort of fear comes up in the tightness in the chest and the ringing in the ears what is your advice to them in that moment. I mean part of my advice is just to go for it take the leap so many great things in life involve taking risks almost everything right like having a baby you know going for that job that you know moving to a different city. But before they take that leap I would go slow right so maybe the first time just you yeah reveal something smaller and then take a take a step baby steps I would say. Okay so listening to learn yeah people are not just playing the game of tennis waiting to hit the ball back genuine curiosity what else. We talked about sharing so curiosity listed so so you start with curiosity like i'm really interested in you and curiosity by the way has a enthusiasm component right like i'm really excited to hear what you have to say that's why such a gift right like how often does that happen when someone so excited. Charismatic people are really good at this right that's why we flock to them because they're so excited to hear what you have to say so starts with curiosity then you tell us i'm curious about you then you start sharing which is hard. And but i'm validating and i'm supporting your sharing by like really listening and asking questions so question asking is not talked about or even studied that much so important we don't ask each other enough questions so research shows that we think that especially asking deep questions if I ask you a deep question i'll think he's going to think i'm crying that i'm being a little nosy and sometimes that happens but on average. People crave to be seen right they want to be known i'm an example for my daughter who has a roommate who is having a lot of problems and her her family is coming over they're crying there are these sort of sessions and they're speaking Spanish so she didn't know my daughter didn't know what they're saying so I said to my daughter why do you talk to your roommate and ask her what's going on and she said oh mom i couldn't do that she'll think i'm crying. And i think she could be right but i think most most likely she's wrong that this roommate probably would feel really supported and loved if she if she was asked about it so we really think yeah so we don't ask enough questions so ask your friends colleagues and partners those deep questions okay and that's radical curiosity that's part of radical curiosity and part of listening because it's listening is the back and forth and then there's two more minds as we talk about one is called open heart. And it's almost like an obvious one you know i think open heart is basically warmth kindness believing in the other person wanting their them to be happy wanting their dreams to come true it's i say it's obvious because i would think most stable relationships have that mindset is the other mindset that often people don't necessarily have so i actually we sent the book to a few early rehearse and two of my male friends said they they're like we love the book but they broke up with their girlfriends after reading the book and it turned we were i was really surprised because i thought it was prescriptive like oh do this listen better you know sure curiosity but they actually used it to hold a mirror to their relationships so they had the open heart they had kindness and warmth and belief in the other person but one person said she's not really sharing and i'm not really sharing and other person said my girlfriend is no longer curious about my work she never asked about it. and so those are really important and need to be worked on the open heart i think is one that i'm. I would hope most relationships already have. - Okay. - Yeah. And the last one is my favorite. The last mindset. It's called multiplicity. So the term multiplicity I'm told comes from trauma research. The idea if you have a trauma, it doesn't define you. It's like you're quilt of many, many things. Of course you have the trauma, you can't take it away, but it doesn't define you. And we're all, we're all, you know, the Walt Whitman quote, you know, "I am multitudes." I contain multitudes. So I'm like a quilt of both positive and negative qualities and traits and behaviors, right? So sometimes I'm kind and other times I'm selfish, sometimes I'm loyal, and sometimes I'm narcissistic. And we're all like that, right? And sort of use that multiplicity lens to turn it on the other person. So when you're revealing your story and something, you say something I might disapprove of, makes me uncomfortable, I use them with the multiplicity lens and see you as a human in all of your complexity. And what's interesting about that is that when I tell this to people, everyone nods and they're like, "Oh, yeah, of course." And then when you actually give specific examples, it's really hard, right? People will say, "Oh, what a jerk," right? What an asshole, like he did that or she did that. So that's a really hard one. - Yeah, I think it's difficult for so few people want to sit in a discomfort zone, a tough emotion. And that solution is to just fix it. To just say, "Hey, if I just come up with the solution "to this thing, we don't need to worry about it anymore." - We'll be the solution to someone reveal something negative about them. - About themselves. I don't want you to feel that way anymore. Allow me to minimize it, allow me to tell you what you can do, like this person at work keeps mistreating me in this way. And every time that they do, it makes me feel really small and I'm worried that they don't like me and I think that I don't really belong there anymore. Well, she's a bitch anyway. And you shouldn't do it. And you go like, "Hey, dude, you're not in this with me. "What I want to hear from you is, damn, that must be really hard "to go through." What's that been like over the last couple months? So what do you worried this means? Or what's the emotion just after that happens? Like, "Oh, okay, someone cares, someone cares enough to do that." And yeah, I just think people's, it comes from two directions. It comes from, "I don't want this person "who I care about to suffer anymore." And also, "I don't want to be in this discomfort anymore." And both of those things together can be wrapped up in a, "I'll just fix it, minimize it, or make it go away." I had a coach once, and a friend did something that I was really upset about. And so I'm talking to the coach, and I'm doing that. I'm minimizing, I'm thinking, "Oh, well, "because of this and this reason, they must have done it." And the coach said, "Sonja, just stop it right now." And he said, "Skip right over the rumination "and the justification, the rationalization, "and right onto sadness." Go straight to sadness, which is just be sad that your friend did this, right? Which is kind of like what you're saying, sort of sit in it, and then you can, you know, rationalize. But the rationalization, like, you know, there's a fine line between kind of condoning, justifying, and compassion, right? When is a compassion where you see someone, and they do something kind of terrible? And you can see, like, this happens once with my friends, where this guy said something really terrible in a text, and we're like, "Oh, what a jerk." And one of my friends said, "You know, when I read that text, "I see the little boy inside of him." Where I see the teenage boy, who used to be rejected by girls, and so whatever he got triggered, it's not excusing or condoning or justifying, but it's having compassion. And I don't really helps me to see people in this sort of more complex light. Again, it doesn't mean I want to hang out with him, but I, again, I think that compassion is really helpful. - What do you think of the things in a relationship that makes people feel unloved the most? - I think when people kind of feel a little, like, I guess when they start to feel invisible, and the other person stops noticing, well, stops asking questions, or even when we talked about that, stops being curious about you, we often stop being curious about the people we've known the longest, right? 'Cause we think, "Oh, I know everything about them." And of course you don't. 'Cause every day we're having new fears and dreams and self-doubt, right? And regrets. So stopping being curious, but the other thing is, yeah, just kind of feeling, yeah, like, that you're invisible, they're not noticing the little things. You know, when we ask people what makes them feel loved, a lot of them were those little things like, like, I remember being at a party, and friends would bring me like a piece of fruit or a water or a blanket. And before even knew I wanted those things, they're like, "Sonia, you need this water, you need a blanket 'cause you seem cold." And I'm like, "Oh, I didn't even know I needed a blanket." And so like, when you feel loved, is when you feel loved when people are doing, they're noticing you and they're noticing things that you need before even realized you need them. So those little things, and when your partner, your best friend sort of stops noticing those things, you don't feel loved. - Have you looked at the, whatever the strongest predictors are of long-term relationship satisfaction? - So I partner with a love scientist to write this book, 'cause I'm really more of a happiness scientist. I don't think I can answer this question, but I will tell you a really interesting finding that we do talk about, which is, how do you respond to good versus bad news and relationships? Right, you come home and you say, "Hey, honey, I got laid off." Or something bad happened. My car, the car broke down. And everyone kind of knows how to respond to bad news or sort of something bad that happened. But what if you come home and you say, "Hi, honey, I got a new job offer in New York." Right? So it turns out how we respond to good news is a better predictor of relationship duration than how we respond to bad news. 'Cause it's so, it's not easy, right? You got a job offer in New York. I mean, it could be threatening. Does that mean we have to move? Does that mean you're gonna work harder? So you don't have time to, you know, with the kids. Maybe you might even be envious that like my career is in going as well as yours. And so what research shows is the best, you know, well, the reaction that is predictive of a relationship duration is truly celebrating good news with your partner, right? Like, that's so, being enthusiastic, right? That's so amazing. Tell me what happened. How did, you know, what did they say, you know, how did you feel? Maybe later you can deal with some of the insecurities that come out of that, right? But so, so that is one factor that predicts relationship strength is, is celebrating, it's called capitalizing, celebrating good things. - This episode is brought to you by Woop. According to my Woop, I've tracked nearly 2,000 days of my life. And the thing that still gets me is that I could have predicted almost every bad day before it happens. That's because Woop gives you a complete picture of your health every single day, your sleep, your workouts, your recovery, your breathing, your heart rate, even your steps. And over time, you get to see what's working and what isn't. 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It's interesting how much easier it is to sort of care for somebody who's struggling than it is to celebrate somebody who's winning many ways. - Yeah, and you know what? How many people, the list of people that you share your wins with is a small list? Is that right? Because we learn not to be boastful, right? And I remember, I would come home and tell my family about some great thing that happened. Maybe an award I got and my kids would say, "Oh, mom, you're boasting." And I'm like, "If I can't share this with my family, "who can I share with?" - Yeah, the fuck is gonna, yeah. - And so we've sort of trained not to boast. And yet, of course, we want to celebrate those things, right? And so, yeah, and so we don't have as much practice, both sharing and I guess reacting to those wins. - What about in the relationship, if you're doing everything right and the other person just doesn't show it in return? - Great question. And I get to ask that question a lot where, let's say I'm doing all the right things, so I'm sharing, I'm listening, I'm curious. I'm seeing you with the multiplicity lens. I'm listening with warmth and acceptance. And the other person just does not respond. They don't return, they don't reciprocate. They're not curious about you. They're not listening, they're not sharing. What do you do? So, I'm not a therapist. I mean, therapists are very like, they'll never sort of say exactly directly what they really think, I say, right? Flently and I'll just say bluntly, maybe you need to walk away. Maybe you've made a poor choice. If it's a family member, yeah, probably you can't walk away, but just accept that you're not gonna feel as loved as you want to feel by this person. I mean, obviously keep trying, but if you've kept trying and it's not working. - Well, so much of it, I think the discontent that people feel in situations like this is, I feel an incompatibility here and I'm continuing to push up against it. And you know how when you see a bridge and abridged twists. like this, it's because one side is going in one direction and another isn't moving with it. If you just did that, it's just a bridge that's rotating, right? But the tension occurs in the flexing like this. And I wonder how many people, if you would just say, hey, dude, this just isn't working and you're continuing to try and put this square peg into a round hole, is where the discomfort comes from. And if it's, you got an uncle that you just cannot resonate with or a younger brother who just, you and him are like different species. So, okay, guess what? Thanksgiving and Christmas, you're going to see each other, you wish him happy birthday, you keep on top of it. But the tension and the pain is coming from you wanting a thing which is not accessible. And I don't think it's your job in life to drown trying to keep people afloat who refuse to swim. Exactly. Although, you know, you, you try curiosity, by the way, with the brother of the uncle, right? Like, why do you believe that thing that, you know, are you thinking for it? Shut up, son. Yeah, I don't, I don't need to hear that. Right. Well, that's right. If that's the response consistently. And I, I completely agree with you, but there's this is with this tension, because I hear all this advice like, you know, people in our society and our individualistic society, they, they kind of break up too often, you know, they kind of interrelationships too often, like, especially on dating apps or, you know, you're like, oh, this person isn't working for me. I'm just going to go to the next person. So there's sort of this advice you hear that maybe we don't work hard enough to sort of fix our differences. And then there's all those people, and I'm thinking romantic relationships and they're together forever. And they're just clearly not right for each other. And they're clearly unhappy. And I feel, I really feel for them, right? Like life is too short. So I don't know. I don't know what's, but I guess both can be true at the same time. It is absolutely the both can be true. I've got this idea called advice hyper responders. So advice doesn't distribute evenly. It distributes more like alcohol than medicine. The people who could really benefit from loosening up and having a drink remain abstinent while the people that are already drinking too much, they take it on board. So for instance, the person who has the fear I am emotionally inadequate will absorb the message you should open up about your emotions wholesale because it confirms their fear that they already weren't good at doing emotions. And that will cause them not to rectify the imbalance, but to over exaggerate something that already exists. Another one of the person who permanently feels like they're not working hard enough will take on the David Goggins jocker-willing message of just get up at 4.30 a.m. you've got a crush it, dude. As opposed to going, I actually need to listen to the advice that tells people to chill out a little bit more. Meanwhile, the place I first saw this was after me too. So me too told guys don't be pushy with women. And the dudes that were blowing through boundaries didn't pay any attention to it. Meanwhile, nervous guys that could do with a little bit more of a pushy they decide they were like, I knew I was too much already. I already thought I had this. And this is how advice lands in groups are already moving in that direction. It confirms advice, hyper responders. So you throw advice down and the people who already do it pick it up first. It often doesn't correct over, it doesn't correct imbalances. It just exaggerates predispositions. And I think it's true. And that's how you end up in situations like this. How is it the case that people are both cycling through relationships too quickly and staying in ones that they shouldn't for too long? Well, it's because different people bingo bingo. And then when you give a piece of advice, this is a thing that's like interesting and penacious about it is that typically one side of the fence sounds like a more prosocial and noble piece of advice. So for instance, the idea work harder and ignore your emotions sounds upward aiming. It is believing in the little guy. It's grassroots. It's spitten sawdust. It's zero to hero. That tends to be more popular to talk about online, even if it increases the disposition of the type A person that can never switch off. The idea of don't let good relationships fall away. You should work through them and try hard. Sounds prosocial in a world of atomized transactional swipe dating. But it worsens the situation for the people who already burden themselves way too much with psychological strength that makes them powerful in the boardroom but silent at the kitchen dinner table. Okay, but let's talk about one. I think one concept that can kind of unite what you're talking about is the idea of is the idea of dosage. So Aristotle's golden mean. So there's an optimal dosage for everything. There's somewhere in the middle there's an optimal weight, a mound of time you should stay together before you break up, etc. I'm a huge believer in dosage. I think it applies to almost everything. In terms of happiness research, can you do too much acts of kindness? Absolutely. You can be too kind to others. You can neglect yourself. You can do too little. Almost everything should be done in moderation, including moderation. So that's how I think about things as little of an optimal dosage. But sometimes you're talking about things that sometimes are in the same continuum. It has to be in the same continuum, the same spectrum to figure out what the optimum dosage is. Well, ideally people are going to take some of the advice from the opposite side of the spectrum. And unfortunately, people don't usually want to hear that. So yeah, it's an interesting one. Okay. So, tactically, what are the most powerful habits for implementing this? The more I think about feeling loved and these mindsets, the more I think they play to almost everything. You know, like when you study something, you see it everywhere. But seriously, like it applies to reducing polarization in our society, right? When you're curious and really listening to people who are on the other side of the political spectrum, it actually, let's see if you've just shown it's reduced, it reduces prejudice. It reduces differences. And so I think out of all everything I've talked about, I think curiosity and listening are probably the two habits that can really change your life. Like, if we all became better listeners, more curious, research shows that if you're a leader or a manager or a supervisor, and if you're curious and really listening to your employees or your followers, they're going to be more productive. They're going to be more engaged. They're going to be less likely to quit. It's pretty amazing, right? It's not that hard to implement. And then sharing to there's a study that came out maybe a year ago that had people who are literally like wearing different hats in the political spectrum, no pun intended, sharing. And so I might share about like I'm struggling with my son. And the guy in the other hat is sharing, oh, you know, I'm also struggling with my son. That reduced prejudice and reduced polarization, just sharing more of your humanity with someone who's really different from you. But yeah, but I would stick with those three, but especially curiosity and listening. Okay. What's something if you were to say this technique or this habit, this one thing that you could do tomorrow that would improve your ability to feel love, what would it be? Well, first of all, have a conversation with a person that you want to feel loved by. And actually, this is my number one kind of happiness tip. If you want to be happier tomorrow, have a 15-minute conversation with someone at least 15 minutes. And then when you're having the conversation, share, listen, show curiosity, listen with acceptance and warmth. When you think about relationships, they're really a series of conversations. Even when you're not talking, right, you're communicating. That's how I think about relationships. They're a series of conversations. And so when you think about I want to feel more loved, it seems very overwhelming. Like, what do I do? I need to make myself more loveable. I need to change your mind and getting you to love me more. But really all you have to do is change the next conversation or change the next series of conversations. So that would be my number one tip is show up differently in your next conversation with that person by sharing more listening, more showing curiosity with warmth and acceptance. So you're saying that life is just one big podcast. That's your main, that's the main thing. Yes, absolutely. But also I'm kind of biased because I'm a talker. So my oldest daughter once said to me, "Mom, you talk so much, I can't think." So I do like to talk. But also in our culture, where actually there's some research on this individualist cultures are more talking cultures, collectivist cultures like Asian cultures are more listening cultures. But we can adapt these mindsets. You don't have to talk a mile a minute. It's just communication that matters. Across all of the studies that you've been a part of, what's your favorite one? What's the most fun or interesting on novel study that you've done? I think my favorite one is that we ask people to act more extroverted for a week. So we said to both introverts and extroverts, we said for the next week, act more extroverted. We didn't actually use the word extroverted because it has connotations in our culture. I think we said, you know, social bulls, energetic talkative. And then for the week after, we ask people to act more introverted. Again, using different words, like deliberate and quiet and vice versa. And we were shocked at what we found. So we found the biggest effects we'd ever found in any of our interventions. People in the week that people acted more extroverted, they were so much happier and sort of everything it improved. In during the introversion week, surprisingly, sometimes people actually got less happy or kind of no change. And the second surprise was that this effect was the same for introverts and extroverts. So even people who were already extroverted, increasing their extroversion improved the happiness. But well, it's interesting that you thought that was the surprising part. No, no, the introversion is the surprising part, I think, to me, that the introverts, you know, Susan Cain wrote this great book, Rachel Quiet. Love the book. And I'm a big fan of introversion. I think there's a lot of benefits to being introverted. But she writes that, you know, introverts get exhausted by trying to act. I don't actually don't quite believe it, like the evidence is now showing that it's actually the extroverts that get exhausted by social behavior, it makes sense because they're social much more of the time. So the introverts also got happier acting extroverted. Most people have no idea where the testosterone levels sit, but what if I told you there was a solution? Something that identifies low T faster than a high school bully and it won't cost you all your lunch money. That's where function comes in, gives you access to over 160 lab tests including a deep dive into your full hormone paddle. Every result is reviewed by clinicians, anything out of range is flagged and you get clear explanations with a personalized protocol with actionable next steps. So if something's off, you know exactly what to do about it. Whether you just need to go to the gym or you need to play Creed louder in your car, functional tell you exactly where your testosterone and everything else stands. Normally this level of testing would usually cost thousands, but with function it's $365 a year. That's one dollar a day to stop guessing with your health and start knowing. And right now you can get $25 off bringing it down to $340. So get the exact same blood panels that I do and save $25 by going to the link in the description below or heading to functionhealth.com/modern wisdom using the code "modern wisdom". What do you make of the way you get your energy from on your own versus with other people is the best definition of introversion versus extroversions? Is this still hold true or has this been replication crisis? So I love the definition again that Susan came in popular. It's a sexy definition, but if it's inaccurate, then we need new ones. I believe that the evidence is not really holding up. And actually Nick Eppley who wrote a book called "A Little More Social Great Book" talks about this, I think that the evidence is not quite there. So I don't maybe again, absence of evidence is an evidence of absence. But the studies I think there's only with one exception, studies are showing that introverts that are asked to act more social do not feel depleted or exhausted. But again, we need more research. That's interesting. It wouldn't surprise me, I think a lot of the time what introverts are doing is finding a home base or finding a situation that feels comfortable and familiar to them. But you can get detrained out of your social muscle and awful lot. If you don't lose it, you lose it, and if you don't get into the rhythm of seeing for instance, we have every Friday, and this is one of the best things, actually, from a habit perspective that I've done. The first one is sleeping with my phone outside of my bedroom. The second one is when I think about a friend that I haven't spoken to in a while, I just text them immediately. I'm like, "Hey man, I'm just thinking of you. Hope everything's good," or whatever. But the third one, we've got a standing dinner reservation at 6 p.m. every Friday, and it's just an open invite for between six and eight people. And no matter how good or bad your week's been, you always turn up, and if you're in town, you're there, sometimes people bring new friends, sometimes people, it's just you and it's been me and one of the guys. And the fact that you've got that, some people have got more introverted days and more extroverted days. On my most introverted day, I'm still at dinner, and I leave, and I'm like, that was fine, that was worth it. I love it, I love it, I love it. It's an important point that you just raised. In these studies, when we ask introverts to be extroverted, we don't ask them to go to a party and be the life of the party. They can choose how to be extroverted. An introvert is going to do different things, so they might call up a friend, they might chattel a bit more during lunch. I was super shy when I was young, and when I was in college. Imagine that. And I really was, my parents told me that before age 10, I did not speak to other adults other than teachers and family members. And then I really kind of pushed through it, but okay, there's one way, one way I did it in college, we had sections. And I forced myself to say one thing in each section, and it was terrifying. It was really, really hard, but the more you do it, that's the kind of thing that introvert might say. Like at lunch, I'm going to try to say one more thing. But I love your three habits. I'm going to add one more to it that one of my friends introduced me is when you meet someone or you're talking to someone, they say, oh, let's get together. This happens all the time. And what happens is you don't get together. You start your text, and then you get busy, and then you're like, oh, how about next week? And that doesn't work out. He said, you do not leave that interaction without making a firm plan to get together. You know, a specific time and place and date. And that really works. I heard a really Machiavellian way to work out if someone actually wants to hang out with you. If you propose a day and they cancel and you say, tell me when you want to reschedule for and they don't reschedule. It was basically reverse engineering whether or not this person is genuinely busy or just doesn't like you. I don't know whether I think you'd probably need you reading into that a little bit much. People are just busy. But I thought that was an interesting. I like that. Tell me when you want to reschedule for. Yeah. Yeah. Just tell me one. Like, hey, especially if you re-cancel, if you cancel, do it. Like, it's on you. Okay. You fucked it. I was going to go. There's a New Yorker cartoon, and it's like, how about never? Is it never good for you? Yeah. But that's what someone says if they don't come up with a date or a time. What's something about happiness that almost everyone believes but is wrong? Well, the one that's kind of boring is that people think, well, okay, maybe it's not boring. I have a book about this called The Myths of Happiness. I'll be happy when. I'll be happy when I have a baby. I'll be happy when I move to New York. I'll be happy when I get that tech job I wanted to get. I'll be happy when whatever. And the truth is you are happy when those things happen. But then what happens is it's called hedonic adaptation. We adapt to that new goal. And this is, by the way, humans probably would never progress if we didn't have adaptation because then we would just kind of sit on the mountain, do nothing, but we always want more. And you bring yourself with you to the new relationship or to the new city or to the new job. And so sort of putting all your eggs in changing your life circumstances to be happier. Now, there's a caveat. If you live in a war zone, if you're poor, if you're in an abusive relationship, absolutely changing your circumstances is going to make you happier. But if you're kind of normal, like, you know, comfortable circumstances, then changing them is going to make you happy temporarily. Is there a way to hack hedonic adaptation? Yes. Through variety, novelty, surprise, and gratitude, right? So we adapt to constants to me, right? So when things are the same, like you buy a new car at first, you're like, I love this new car. And then, you know, for the eighth time you sit in the car, you don't notice the car anymore. That is new. And so novelty variety sort of maybe, yeah, so you have novel create novel circumstances. So actually, relationship is a better example. We don't adapt to our new spouse. So you do different things with them. I mean, it seems obvious, right? You do exciting activities with them. You learn new things with them. You see new friends. I mean, people are endlessly fascinating and dynamic, right? So they're not constant. And then surprise, open yourself up to surprises, right? So if you go to a lot of social events, there's going to be things that are surprising, right? If you take risks, there'll be things that are surprising. I should say surprise in a positive, not a negative way. And then finally, gratitude is the antidote to hedonic adaptation. Because when you think about it, when you adapt to something, you start taking things for granted. And when you're grateful, it's like, you don't take it for granted anymore, right? So like, if I'm grateful for my health, I'm not taking my health for granted. So truly expressing gratitude, but it's not easy, right? Like, and how often can you sort of express gratitude for your car or even for your spouse? But I'm especially given that the stimuli is the same. So you're expressing gratitude for something you've experienced previously. You know, something we don't adapt to is a view, a view like a beautiful view for that's interesting. Is that interesting? So actually, I have a beautiful view. I did, and I got it for a reason. Like, I think it's worth paying for the view. And no one really knows why. I think one reason is novelty and variety. Well, variety, right? It's always changing with the weather, with the seasons. I also think there's an evolutionary reason that humans are hardwired to like to look at things, to have a view, right? Because you can see, like, I don't know, frozen enemies, right? Big vistas. And also, by the way, water and mountains, we are hardwired to want to see water and mountains for kind of obvious reasons that they're going to help us survive and thrive. And so that's why views of water and mountains are most like Vancouver. It's supposed to be one of those beautiful cities. Water and mountains together. Yeah, yeah, yeah, that's interesting. Okay. Let's say that you met a 20 year old today. What would you tell them to prioritize if they wanted the highest probability of being happy when they were 50? Relationships. Relationships. But it's really everything we were talking about today, like really put effort into maintaining relationships, learn social skills. I wish we could take classes in college and high school, right? Everyone can learn some social skills. How to have a conversation. So have conversations, spend time with people. Don't spend time alone, you know, in the garage on the screen, right? Because it's not going to give you practice with those social skills. So relationships in person ideally face to face, like you said, like those dinners, make a habit of it, learn to listen, be curious and share. Yeah, those would be my top. My top habits. Okay. Well, I, uh, speaking of which, oh my gosh, I have something to you. Yeah, thank you. Can I open it? Yeah, you can. it's a card it's a card with my name on it. Okay. So, thank you, Carl. Okay. Thank you. I love Arthur, by the way. Yes, I mentioned Arthur Brooks. We were almost playing Crash together. I have a fun story about that. Wow. We were at a plane and it was going to crash and I was sitting next to him. I started holding his hand and he's very confident. So, it turns out it's very good to be if you want to be in a plane crash. Also, it's about as Christian as you can come. So, he was probably hoping it crashed. Well, no, no, he was just, he is very, it's very useful to be, yes, sitting next to a very confident, very masculine, Christian person. I'm literally holding his hand and he's like, Sonya is going to be okay. Everything is going to be okay. And then later on, he's like, Sonya, I didn't realize because we had lost an engine, actually fell out of the plane. Was it in the end? I know we were in the middle of nowhere. He's like, Sonya, I didn't realize how bad the situation was. Anyway, you got tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people to write grad student letters and I don't know whether anyone's done it to you on a podcast. So, I figured that it would be nice. Not on a podcast. I certainly have beautiful letters from my students. I love it. Consider me a student. Thank you. Sonya Lubermaski, ladies and gentlemen. Where should people go to check out everything that's going on? Howtofeellove.com. It's just the title of my book, HowtoFeelLove.com. And we also have, by the way, we have a quiz where you can take and it will tell you just five minutes. It will tell you which mindset is your strongest mindset in which is your weakest mindset. And I think it could be very useful. Thank you. Sonya, I appreciate you. Thank you. All right. See you next time, everyone. Bye. Oh, God. Oh, my God. Thank you. Thank you. Oh, my God.