Through the Cracks

[MUSIC PLAYING] Getting a 16-year-old off to school on time is no easy job. Tiffany was the type that really took care of herself. For a girl like Tiffany Reed, appearances mattered. From hair to makeup to picking the right outfit. She did her hair different every day. She was really into her style. Monday, May 17, 2004 was no different for Tiffany. She asked you to take her to school that last day. Yeah, she did. She was running late. That is Deandra Reed, Tiffany's older sister. I had gotten off working a graveyard shift. So I didn't have the energy to get up and drive her to school. That morning, Tiffany set out on foot for Shiprock Northwest High School in New Mexico. Was it common for her to walk to school? Yeah, it wasn't far. The school year was almost over. Summer, nearly in Tiffany's reach. Except that day, Tiffany did not come home after school. There are times that she would not come straight home from school, but she would still call my mom to let her know. That call never came, and Tiffany never made it home. That was 21 years ago. I just want to know where she is. I'm Josh Manquets, and this is Missing in America, a podcast from Dateline. This episode is Through the Cracks. Please listen closely, because you or someone you know might hold the key to finding Tiffany and bringing her home. Shiprock is a small community located on the Navajo reservation in San Juan County. So Shiprock is a really small town. It's a little more developed than it was back then when we were growing up there, but it was a small town. Tiffany and I grew up on a farm. We grew up, you know, exploring the outdoors and picking on frogs and parry dogs and running through the fields. The Andra is the big sister by four years. A lot of sisters who were four years apart, you know, fight like cats and dogs. It doesn't feel like that happened here. No, I think I took on more of the protective role because of the kind of environment we were growing up in. So I think if anything, we clung together more than we fought. The Andra says she took on the role of protector because of their parents' rocky marriage. There was a lot of violence in our home when we were younger. You know, being the older sister, I always tried to shield my little sister from that. Just so she didn't-- wasn't too exposed to it. The Andra and Tiffany's parents divorced when Tiffany was about eight years old. And we were just kind of, you know, caught up in the middle of it. The Andra sought affect her younger sister. When Tiffany was a child, you know, she was really quiet. And so when she was growing up, I did a lot of the talking for her. Eventually, the Andra moved out. And Tiffany had to step up. Our mom was battling cancer. So I think she took on a lot of responsibility when I left. And my mom was going through chemo. And you know, chemo can be really aggressive sometimes. So I think it was hard for her to see our mom going through that. As Tiffany became a teenager, she started to find her voice. She was really talented and creative. She wrote a lot of poetry. She wrote her song. She used to sing. She used to like dancing. You know, she was just a teen girl, going to school, finding her way, her individuality. Tiffany Reed's story was still being written until that day in May 2004, when all the pages suddenly went blank. She wanted me to take her to school that morning. I was just tired, you know. I had gone off working in a graveyard shift. You've been beating yourself up about that since then? Yes, I have. And it's something that I'm trying to work through right now, to learn to have compassion for myself, and let go of that guilt, but it is something that-- Yeah, because this is not your fault. Yes. And it's still hard to say that out loud. It's also a hard moment to have to remember. Late in the day on May 17, 2004, Deandra got a call from her mother. She's like, your sister didn't come home. I haven't heard from her. And I just told her, maybe she's hanging out with her friend. She'll be back, just trying to keep that positivity. When Tiffany did not make it back that night, her mom became anxious. By the next morning, that anxiety reached a whole new level. She called Deandra again. She asked if I heard from her, Tiffany, and we were still pretty much in contact every day, up until the point she went missing. Those were the days of the pages. And she would page me all the time, wanting to talk and stuff. But I hadn't heard from her. I got a little worried just the tone of my mom's voice and the panic that she had. It was different. I feel like maybe it was a mother's intuition telling her that something was wrong. So her mother, Deandra, picked up the phone again. She called the school to see if Tiffany had made it to school that day. They said she had not alarm bells went off. Deandra also contacted the Shiprock District of the Navajo Nation Police Department and tried to file a missing persons report. She came out, talked to her, asked her if my sister had taken off from home before. And my mom said, yeah, she has. And they just basically ran with that and said, okay, well, maybe she just ran away from home. So if she's not back in 72 hours, then you can report her missing. Deandra says Tiffany had never actually run away before. If she did leave the house, it would be to go hang out with friends. She had to knock out a couple of times, but it was on the weekend when she did that. It was a little unusual that it was the school night and she hadn't come home. And what's more, Deandra says when she last saw Tiffany, it did not look as if she would be gone for long. When she left, she left with her school bag. She really intended on going to school. I didn't see her carrying an additional bag or anything with her to indicate that she wasn't going to be coming home. When she disappeared, Tiffany was doing well in school and had a tight friend group. So the question became, was there something else going on in her life? Around the time she disappeared, did Tiffany ever report having trouble with anyone? Was there anyone she was afraid of? Anyone she was worried about? She never mentioned any concern or mention that she was scared. While they waited out the 72 hours, Tiffany's family combed their town of Shiprock for any sign of her. We still went out and drove around looking for her, knocking on doors and stuff like we weren't going to sit back and wait for the police to take the report. They distributed flyers and spoke with Tiffany's friends. They could not find anyone who had seen her. You must have thought about that the way a lot in the last 20 years. I have and even after the 72 hours went by and my mom reported her missing, they still waited another 4 days before they entered her into NCIC. NCIC is the National Crime Information Center. It's a database used by law enforcement agencies nationwide and is frequently used to help find missing persons. And so that's a whole week of not even having her in the system. That's a lot of time lost. It is time that could have been vital in the search for Tiffany. Still, the family did not give up hope. And just days after Deandra last laid eyes on her sister. They received their first bit of news. Her belongings were found right off the highway, maybe about an hour outside a ship rock going west. Why would Tiffany be on that lonely stretch of highway so far from home? And could that be the first stop? on the road to finding her. When you're driving down Route 64, the desert stretches for miles in all directions. Somewhere along the way Route 64 intersects with Highway 160. The landscape is orange and dusty, as far as the eye can see. So it was surprising when a driver noticed some things, littering the side of the road. Even more remarkable was the decision to pull over. It just happened to be my sister's purse and her library card. Those were the only two things that we could identify as being hers. There was clothing also found alongside of the road. It is clothing that may have belonged to Tiffany. No one is sure. I'm not real familiar with the area, but it was past the New Mexico Arizona border going west. Then a small reservation community called Sweetwater Arizona. If you look it up on like Google Maps, you wouldn't find it. This was how far from Shiprock. Maybe about an hour outside a Shiprock going west. Tiffany ever mentioned that area or having any connection to it? I don't remember her mentioning that area. A team of volunteers later searched along that highway, hoping to find more breadcrumbs to follow. They turned up nothing. Tiffany's family wondered why Tiffany would be out that way. One possible explanation. Some locals have described the area as a frequent party spot for kids. The address says that's not entirely accurate and she does not believe Tiffany was going to party there. I think the part that they're referring to as the party spot, it's up the mountain kind of and her stuff wasn't found up the mountain. It was found alongside the highway. It sounds as if the idea that Tiffany had any connection to the party spot is really pretty far fetched. Yes. That's the way I see it. This feels like another step on the continuum of well she ran away from home and then they find her stuff and they're like well there's a party spot near there. That's probably what this was. It feels like police were pretty far off-base with both of those ideas. Yeah, I would say so. Whatever their theories, police back then also did not have the technological tools you might use to track someone today. Did she have a cell phone? No. Was there ever any video of her from anywhere? We'd never heard of any footage of her anywhere. That was back in 2004 so there weren't ring cameras or cameras on the street. I don't even know if there were cameras on the school at that time. And she didn't have a credit card. No. Or a debit card. No. Tiffany Reid had become an untraceable ghost following the discovery of her person or library card. There's there is then a very long period of time when it feels like nothing's happening in the case. Did you get any updates? Your family get any updates from police? No. My mom was the one calling to the police department to ask for any updates and you know they were just telling her we're looking into it. We got some leads and we're looking into it. Days became months months became years. Tiffany's family kept doing everything they could to find her until they faced another devastating blow. It had been about five years since Tiffany vanished when Deedra Reid whose cancer had been in remission learned that it had returned. And so we kind of shifted our focus to keeping my mom healthy. The family had to trust that police were looking for Tiffany while they could not. We thought law enforcement really was doing their job and trying to help us locate my sister. The unknowns kept Tiffany's loved ones on edge. I was and a really and a really bad place for a lot of years after she went missing and I ended up having my own addiction to alcohol and so that was kind of the path that I took because I didn't know how to deal with my emotions. I didn't know how to talk about it. And I got in trouble for for that and me getting in trouble kind of like jolted me back into reality. For Deedra that jolt launched her in a new direction. I eventually ended up going back to school studying criminal justice graduated with my associate degree and so you know essentially I wanted to be a juvenile probation officer to kind of help with prevention and stuff and I took on an internship and that internship led me to advocacy. It just sparked something inside of me. I joined a webinar one day about violence and tribal communities and the person that was giving the presentation on the other end brought up my sister's case and not not even not even knowing that you were there. No. He brought up my sister's case and just seeing her face on that screen it. It really touched me to know that there are people who know about her story and and they're talking about all the failures that happened in her case. Deedra believes those failures lie primarily with police. Did anybody look into or wonder whether your sister was trafficked? I don't think they did. I don't think trafficking was a big thing back then like it is today. I'm not saying that it wasn't happening which I'm sure it was but I don't think anybody ever looked into that. I don't think they even looked into like sex offenders living in the area if they even have that data. There's just a lot of things that I feel they they didn't do. She knows Navajo Nation police have been receiving tips about her sister over the years. The question is whether investigators followed up. I believe one of those tips that came in was she was spotted and somewhere on the East Coast. We never got any word back saying that no it wasn't her or the them contacting the police department in that area or anything like that. Still another lead was about to come and it was a walker. In 2018 14 years after Tiffany re-advanished police stopped a car full of people outside Shiprock and Deedra's cousin happened to hear the incident unfold over a police radio. They were taking their names and that's when she heard my sister's name over the scanner. Could it really be Tiffany after all those years? I didn't know what I think I wanted to go see for myself. 14 years had passed since Tiffany re-advanished on the way to school in New Mexico. In 2018 Tiffany's family heard something they thought could be the answer to their prayers. So Shiprock is a border town to Farmington. So we have a cousin who was working with the Farmington police department at the time as a community officer and she just happened to be on duty the night that a car full of people got pulled over and they were being questioned. Here's that cousin. Becky Johnson. I did hear on the scanner they were running. The officers had made a traffic stop and so I heard that this batch of running names of the people in the vehicle and so one of the names caught my ear because I said Tiffany re and then that beta burst was close to what hers was. Becky tried to keep her excitement in check. After all it had been so long since her younger cousin advanced. I didn't know what I think on my thought was we'll see what it is. I wanted to go see. I wanted to go see for myself. She hurried to the scene to see what was going on. When I got to where the area was and I went to the cars you know and I asked the officer I said who who's using the name Tiffany and then they pointed to her to a girl in the back seat and they said to her do you know her and I look and that person would look up and I kept saying look at me look at me and then when she looked I was just like that's not Tiffany. A crushing disappointment. She never gave her name and I want to say when they took her to jail, that's when they finally identified her, you know, and it wasn't Tiffany, but I always question, you know, why was she using her name? That is still unclear. And the whole incident was about to raise another disturbing question. Becky says an officer asked her how she knew Tiffany read. I was like, that's my little cousin, then she's missing. And then they're like, why? I said, she's been missing for a long time. She says the officers had no idea Tiffany had been missing because when they ran her name in the NCIC database, nothing came up. Becky couldn't believe it. I said, my biggest concern now is why isn't she entered in as a missing person? The family says that's how they learned Tiffany had been purged from NCIC. Tiffany's older sister Deandra said she was told authorities switched over to a new database. And Tiffany must not have been added back. All the things that you could imagine going wrong in a case happened with her case. You thought authorities were looking for her? They weren't. Exactly. It's just failure all around. Sandra says it took more than a year to get Tiffany re-listed. This just gets worse and worse, doesn't it? It sure does. All the cracks that you could think of for her case to fall through, her case fell through those cracks. For Tiffany's family, it felt like a never-ending ordeal. That is, until the next tragedy hit. In 2019, Tiffany and Deandra's mother, Deandra, died from cancer. You sort of took this over from your mom after she passed away. I did. Before she passed, she told me not to give up on my sister. And she asked me to take over and bring her home. I think your mom would be really proud of what you've done. I think so too. Even after everything that I've done so far, you know, it just still doesn't feel like enough. One thing Deandra has tried to do is bring more attention to Tiffany's story. In July 2024, she reached out to Dateline with a simple plea. Please help me. In August, we featured Tiffany's story in our Missing in America digital series. That was the first time we reached out to police to see if they could comment on Tiffany's case. At the time, the criminal investigation supervisor said, "The department could not speak about Tiffany's disappearance, as they are not allowed to comment on active cases." We attempted to contact them again for this podcast and sent them a list of questions about the investigation and the family's accusations. They did not respond. Dateline also requested the police records in Tiffany's case, and we have not received those either. Today, Deandra sits on the New Mexico Department of Justice, M-M-I-P Task Force. Tiffany is missing and murdered indigenous people. She also works for the coalition to stop violence against Native women. Tiffany Harone is the executive director of the coalition. Our organization was developed by three Native women who come from the public that reside here in New Mexico and when the Native women. The coalition's mission is to raise awareness about violence against Native women in their tribal communities, about the missing and murdered indigenous women crisis, about human trafficking, and about violence against children. We support the 23 tribal nations of New Mexico with policy advocacy work, training and education. This is a giant helicline, isn't it? It is, and most of the staff who come to do this work at the organization find themselves being impacted by domestic or sexual violence, by being victims themselves. We know that the violence impacts our communities so much more than we see in statistics. Those statistics are as eye-opening as they are depressing. According to a 2016 study by the National Institute of Justice, more than 80% of indigenous women will be assaulted or experienced violence in their lifetime. That is a really hard number to deal with. I'm a survivor myself coming to this work, so I know exactly the experiences of women going through violence. We lack a lot of support, even when we are trying to report a missing loved one. There's a strong sense that law enforcement doesn't take this necessarily serious. Tiffany was originally labeled her "run away." Now how does that happen? Nobody called and said she's run away. How did it go from her being missed by her family to law enforcement labeling her a run away? And that's often what we hear from law enforcement. There's often a bias about Native American families that is often untrue, and it's really unfair to state that a young Native girl just was dealing with a lot of things and decided to run away. I know that my coworker, her sister, DeAndre Reed, has never given up on trying to find justice and also trying to find answers for her sister. And this was the work that her and her mother were doing all on their own. Because if you're counting on law enforcement, you're probably making a mistake in that case. Often times that's the way we feel, yes. The state of New Mexico recently took a step in a new direction. Earlier this year, the legislature passed a bill to create something called a "Turquoise Alert," like an amber alert but for when Native Americans go missing. It went into effect on July 1st, 2025. So if you'd had the turquoise alert back in 2004, do you think things would Tiffany would have ended differently? Absolutely, I think this is going to be life-changing and even life-saving for Native American people. Despite all the challenges she has faced over the last two decades, DeAndre remains more determined than ever. I hope to eventually take my sister's case over. I'm still going to school for criminal justice and one of the things that will help me is take in the bar exam for the Navajo Nation. I want to know what's going on with my sister's case so I'm working my way to actually be a part of that system. DeAndre still tries to hold on to hope whenever she can. Do you think your sister's still alive? This is a question that could go both ways for me depending on what kind of a day I'm having. I would like to hang on to that hope because we haven't found anything so far indicating that she's not here anymore. And then I also know that a lot of time has passed with no word and it's a hard question, it really is, and until we find her good or bad, I'm going to hang on to that hope that she's still alive. And if DeAndre's worst fears are confirmed, what does justice look like in this for you? Holding the person or people accountable for what they've done, or what they did, or what they're doing, whoever they are, whoever they are. All I really want is for my sister to be home. And what I really want is for the criminal investigator's office and the police department to be accountable for their actions and the failures that they have done with my sister's case. DeAndre sometimes lets her mind wander. If Tiffany were alive, what would she be like? She would be doing today what kind of impact she would make, what kind of person she would be, what kind of relationship we would have had, what kind of auntie she would have been to. My kids, if she would have had her own kids, you know, I just have a lot of what if questions. And I probably always will have those questions. Here is how you can help. Tiffany Reed would be 37 years old today. She was 5 foot 3 and 115 pounds at the time of her disappearance. She had dark black hair and brown eyes. She has a scar under her right eye and a scar on one of her arms. Anyone with information about Tiffany's disappearance should call the Navajo Nation Police Department Shiprock District at 505-368-1350. of Tiffany and age-progressed images created by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, and to learn about other people we've covered in our Missing in America series. Go to DatelineMissingInAmerica.com. You will also be able to submit cases there you think we should cover in the future. Thanks for listening. See you Friday's on Dateline on NBC. Missing in America is a production of Dateline and NBC News. Veronica Mosaic is the producer and editor of this episode. Bradley Davis is Senior Producer. Paul Ryan is Executive Producer, and Liz Cole is Senior Executive Producer. From NBC News Audio, Sound Mixing by Robert Siciliano. Bryson Barnes is Head of Audio Production.