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The Case of the Stolen Dinosaur Bones (PTFO Vault)

42m 15s

The Case of the Stolen Dinosaur Bones (PTFO Vault)

Martin Bell, a former U.S. federal prosecutor, recounts a unique and complex legal case involving the seizure and repatriation of a stolen *Tyrannosaurus baturus* dinosaur skeleton from Mongolia. The case began when an attempted auction in New York was stopped by a court order, raising concerns about the fossil's origin and ownership under Mongolia’s strict cultural heritage laws. Bell and his team, including Homeland Security agent Daniel Brasier, investigated the chain of custody, tracing the fossil from Mongolia through Japan, the U.S., and Florida to a dealer named Eric Procopy. Procopy, who sold the fossil through his Florida Fossils business, was found to have smuggled it illegally and pleaded guilty under a cooperation agreement, receiving a three-month prison sentence. The fossils were returned to Mongolia through multiple repatriation ceremonies, with the country deeply grateful—eventually creating a children's book about the event and a new dinosaur museum in Ulaanbaatar. The case also involved Nicholas Cage, who had purchased a similar skull in 2007 and later returned it to Mongolia after learning it was stolen. Although no financial compensation was returned, Cage’s ethical decision drew praise. The story underscores the intersection of law, science, and cultural diplomacy, with Bell reflecting on the symbolic importance of justice and representation—particularly his discomfort with a whitewashed portrayal in a children’s book. The case has inspired a potential film, and Bell hopes it will feature a dramatic scene where Cage returns the skull to Mongolia, symbolizing a powerful narrative of restitution and global cooperation.

Transcription

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English
Welcome to Pablo Tore finds out I am Pablo Tore and today we're gonna find out what this sound is I just want people to understand how hard it's been for me to know that Nicholas Cage would show up and not just scream Nicholas Cage is gonna show up in this episode just hold up right after this ad Martin Bell. Hello. Hello. I want to explain that I have looked up to you in a very sincere way For decades now when to the same high school followed you to college You were a would-be Advisor to me should I have gone to law school? It's true. I did not you did? How do you describe what you did before you became fancy private sector attorney? Oh, gosh I did debate for the same high school program. I Covered the baseball team in college that you would eventually cover. Yes for the school newspaper I did the sports illustrated internship. I think that you would eventually do you might have been sitting in this chair I think about this all the time Honestly, I really think that like I I've tried to describe my relationship with you and Somebody once sort of furrowed their brow and said protégé and I'm like no Sort of just like an alternate sliding doors type scenario Yes, if I had your talent, which I don't to be clear but vice versa It's an interesting sort of thing where we had the same trajectory for a while and then one of us went through with law school and the other one didn't And instead of imagining a world in which Martin Bell was the one who started his own podcast and commissioned a butter sculpture of his own head and also kissed it on camera I wanted to tell you what he went on to do instead Which was graduate from Harvard Law School and then become a federal prosecutor and assistant US Attorney for the Southern District of New York And if you don't know what the Southern District is if you've never seen an episode of billions or watched any number of legal dramas You should know that it is the nation's most prestigious US Attorney's office. It is known according to the New York Times for handling quote Complex and challenging cases involving high finance national security and public corruption and quote Which is why it was an especially big deal when this recently happened We're following more breaking news and it's more fallout after the Justice Department's directive to drop the case against Mayor Eric Adams Daniels has soon the acting US Attorney for the Southern District of New York has just resigned But that's not the only thing that the Southern District has been dealing with lately They are the folks who are prosecuting diddy the indictment alleges that those individuals facilitated the freecoffs They booked the hotel rooms and stocked them with the supplies including drugs, baby oil, personal lubricant, extra linens and lighting Somebody's got to have the tough job of Separating the innocent rooms full of baby oil cases from the more suspect ones and that's where the good people of my old workplace fit in Barton Bell worked with those people at his old workplace for roughly 11 years and a lot of the time he was prosecuting corruption cases also doing some security stuff But the case I wanted to bring him here to find out about The case that Marty personally prosecuted was a civil forfeiture case And civil forfeiture you should know is a little strange Because it's when the defendant is literally a piece of property Like in this case the property's human owner is not the defendant It's the thing itself the thing that gets forfeited on account of that thing is alleged involvement in a crime And in this case, a case that involves its own absurd celebrity incidentally And also the increasingly shaky promise of international diplomacy, which feels relevant to the news these days It just so happens that the property in question was 24 feet long and eight feet high And was known legally speaking as One tyrannosaurus betar skeleton, which is why this case name on the federal docket Was insane United States of America V one tyrannosaurus betar skeleton What a bizarre international dispute what's going on here so bizarre wolf you know And it's not every day you have paleontologists federal prosecutors in the Department of Homeland Security All working on a case involving a fossil But a dinosaur skeleton became their focus after questions were raised about where it really came from and who really owns it Before we explain Why that name specifically is the way that it is Do you remember when you first heard about the dinosaur skeleton in question? I remember pretty vividly Just a few weeks earlier I walked into work and the chief of the forfeiture unit was sitting in my chair a woman named Sharon Cohen 11 She looked up at me and smiled I was not expecting a visit from her And she's somebody who by that time had already come to be known as the Babe Ruth of forfeiture So-called because I think at that point in her career Her unit was responsible for something like 95% of the forfeited assets in the federal system in the United States As measured by value Billion dollar judgments from banks Forfeiting stolen Nazi looted art worth millions and millions of dollars and doing things Within the sort of art and craft of forfeiture that nobody else was doing Sharon suggested that I give some thought to joining her unit. She knew I was into White collar stuff She had already detected a little bit of whimsy in me and she said We've got the beginnings of something that I think you may like Um, and so this is how that story begins I guess and that made the news the next day because it's not the sort of thing that happens all the time Admittedly part of my curiosity here is of course because I grew up loving dinosaurs. Oh sure Good lord. Look, I don't want to be gendered about this But it's particularly true if you're a boy who grew up playing with plastic dinosaurs Or who took you know the sort of field guide to dinosaurs Out of the Brooklyn public library central branch as I did no fewer than 15 times as a kid Yes, if you're a kid who just happened to spend a big chunk of his childhood rewatching Jurassic Park There it is One of the most perfect movies ever made every part of it Marty that is that from the score to the practical effects the effects are still the best in the series Even though we've had 20 years of Jurassic Park movies since it is a perfect movie The sense of wonder that Alan Grant has as he removes his One of the greatest scenes in the history of cinema As he grabs Ellie's head and points and toward where the dinosaur is As the Brontosaurus come into view That is the feeling I had upon realizing that my old friend Barton Bell Was suing a dinosaur skeleton. Yeah, it it was wild stuff There had been an attempted auction of a Tyrannosaurus Batara skeleton in Midtown Manhattan I say attempted because in a weird moment that I could only describe as cinematic A man burst through the doors like the Kool-Aid man And rather than saying oh yeah screamed stop the bidding He held a court order in his hand that the auction not received because of the suspicion That the item that the Tyrannosaurus Batara skeleton was stolen So as soon as they started the auction I just stood up and I held up my phone and I said I'm sorry to interrupt but I have the judge on the phone And I wanted to let you know that what you're doing is violating the court order As I understand it the reason why the lawyer a lovely man named Robert Painter Was representing the Mongolian government is because he'd met the president of Mongolia at a party And given him his business card and you know as one does you just wait for the call at that point That lawyer wasn't somebody who was used to stopping dinosaur auctions In part because no lawyer is used to stopping dinosaur auctions But in part because he was a personal injury lawyer from Texas Who was representing the Mongolian government in this case Sharon my boss The baby Ruth of for the baby Ruth of forfeiture reads about this and calls Robert And Robert says yeah, I stopped this auction from happening, which is great I have no idea what to do next and Sharon told him and I could imagine her smiling On the phone as she does this. Oh, I do So we put together the beginnings of some court papers a seizure warrant and some other items That could make the claim that this was stolen property in order to successfully seize something and ultimately forfeit it. It's gotta be stolen property. How is a dinosaur fossil stolen property? Mongolia has very, very strict cultural patrimony laws, those laws that protect items of cultural importance to a particular government. When you think cultural importance, you usually think it's a statue or something that some ancient tribe made. The Temple of Dendur in the Met is an item of cultural importance. But increasingly, various offerings had considered natural things that once upon a time would have been looted by foreign governments to be protected items of cultural patrimony too. That way that governments were trying to protect these objects, these skeletons, these artifacts, had they done that with dinosaur skeletons previously? I think it's fair to say that this was one of the first really big cases in part because it's rare that you get a near complete Tyrannosaurus Batara skeleton, I should say. I've mentioned the Tyrannosaurus Batara thing before. We're used to the Tyrannosaurus Rex in sort of the popular imagination. Yes, so this is the part of the episode where I demand as Jurassic Park fan and also a person who took the class Science B 57, I believe it was, dinosaurs and their relatives. As my science requirement in college, I should ask, what is a Tyrannosaurus Batara? So a Tyrannosaurus Batara is a cousin of the Rex. If you imagine the Tyrannosaurus Rex from Jurassic Park? The Babe Ruth of Dinosaurs. The Batara would be smaller, but still like 20 feet or so in length, and native to Mongolia. And one of the interesting things, I say native to Mongolia, how do we know that? Yeah. And we had needed to establish this in order to get the information required for a seizure warrant, right? Because you can't just have the government running around stealing people's dinosaur fossils without justification. Painter believes the bones were looted from a desert in Mongolia, made their way through Japan to Great Britain, Florida, Texas, and finally ended up in New York, where they now sit inside this storage space in Queens. And they were able to judge that it came from Mongolia, if only because in the entire history of paleontology, there's only one region that contains the soil composition that allows these particular fossils to be preserved. And that is the Nemect Basin in the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. Clever girl. Clever girl. And so with that probable cause having been established, we appeared before a judge in the Southern District of New York. And he was very enthusiastic about the case and its possibility in large part because he too had once been an eight-year-old boy. And so he asked a number of questions that you don't get in most conferences, like, can it fit in my courtroom? Where can we put it? What sort of assembly would be required? This was all happening on the civil side, but on the criminal side, we were trying to figure out whether a crime had been committed here. The same crime that sort of forms the basis for potential forfeiter action may also be prosecutable on its own. The crimes here were interstate transfer of stolen property, which is a federal statute, and false customs forms, because you can imagine the customs forms in this case had not actually said one tyrannosaurus botariskeleton. They'd been filled out somewhat misleadingly and we were able to trace that. And so the guy who had consigned this to the auction house was a gentleman named Eric Procopy who had a regular business with an internet page that sold various types of organic matter as fossils. Unsurprisingly, he was based in Florida and the business was called Florida Fossils, perfect. (upbeat music) - Can you just explain Eric Procopy as a character visually? If you're casting the movie, what's his deal? - He was a fairly brawny guy. If he has the range for it, what is that guy who played the brother, the white brother, in this is us, and who now stars in that show tracker? It's sort of like an all-American seeming type. - Justin Hartley. - Yeah, I could imagine Justin Hartley playing Eric Procopy. - A square jaw, square jaw, all-American. - But the Florida Fossils business, which it's a nice little shell here or a shell there. - These are non-dinosaur fossils. - These are non-dinosaur fossils, or if they are dinosaur fossils, they are domestic dinosaur fossils that he enthusiastically dug up, but nothing of the sort of scale and splendor of a full-on tyrannosaurus. But in addition to the auction houses, and it's only a handful of auction houses that do this stuff, you've also got a sort of informal to black market out there that was much more flush with foreign dinosaurs that had been imported. And you would go to various known festivals for natural trades, and somebody might bring you, sort of back into their hotel room to talk about the other stuff that they have. - I imagine something not unlike when OJ met those guys to talk about, you know, like is Mr. OJ and is memorabilia, that weren't necessarily frontline at the actual shows. - Right, instead of the Heisman trophy, it was perhaps a velociraptor. - Right, but there's an interest. And every once in a while, you hear about movie stars who have purchased dinosaurs or dinosaur parts. And we'll talk about one of those later on. - Yes. - But you know, for like a reasonably intact tyrannosaurus skull. - It's the number one thing I would buy. - Right, yes. - In the power rankings of stuff I would buy if I had the money to buy the thing, T-Rex skull. - Dinosaur fossil one, and like, you know, used astronaut suit, like number two. This is how I imagine myself as a wealthier person. - Same. - So we started to investigate, I should note, we worked with Homeland Security Investigations. I worked with a very talented agent named Daniel Brasier, who was my partner in all of this. We always partner with these folks who do the legwork and sometimes the dangerous stuff. - Yeah, I'm getting a law in order. - Yes, dinosaur investigations. - In the dinosaur criminal universe, there are really two sides. There are the agencies that do the legwork, track down the dinosaurs and execute the search warrants, and the lawyers who do the stuff I did. - These are their stories. - Bung, bung, given that Mongolia owns everything that comes out of the ground, unless they give expressed written consent of the Mongolian cultural patrimony. - Mongolian dinosaur policy being similar to Major League Basement broadcasts. - It wasn't that hard to put together search warrants and to eventually plan the execution of a search warrant at his home and workshop. It's one of those things where I went to work that day, thinking I am going to run point from my office in New York on this raid of a dinosaur assembly and rehabilitation operation. This was something different. I'm sitting there in my office. I get a call from Special Agent Brasier and he says, "Yeah, you won't believe what just happened." And I'm like, "Okay." And he says, "We're sitting there executing the search warrant and this truck rolls up like a UPS, or it might have been DHL, delivery truck, with a big crate that all but says careful, treat with care, dinosaur fossils inside it." And so do you think we can get a warrant for this? Yes, I think we can get a warrant for that, I said. And it's just one of those moments where you're just like, "Is this serious?" Like you could do drug or money laundering or stolen property prosecutions forever and never have a moment quite like that, right? Where while you're doing the search warrant, people show up with more contraband. Mr. Procopy had an entire garage out back of his home in Gainesville or just outside of Gainesville, where he was working on a good number of fossils that seemed to trace back to Mongolia and in fact had taken a number of pictures of what seemed to be him in the goby desert with others extracting these fossils from the ground. And some of them had already been sold. Interestingly, the piece that arrived during our raid-- Yeah, what was that? Was a particularly special piece called the graveyard of the overwrappeders? What a f**king great band name. (laughing) - We are, we are of the overwrappers. - It's just, you know, do free bird. The graveyard of the overwrappers was a naturally made piece involving five or six overwrappers that had met some sort of common fate and were tangled up with each other. The overwrappers looked something like, and again, with Jurassic Park as a reference, that one scene where there's a stampede and they hide behind a sort of, like, ossified tree, overwrappers are best known for and named for as I understand it. Being sort of egg-stealing dinosaurs. - Yes. - Steal other dinosaurs. - In this case, requesting free bird being particularly morbid and appropriate. - Yes, yes, well done. So, here's what we wind up learning. There are a handful of people who are the really key figures in this trade, who are known and of varying degrees of either innocence or the same sort of questionable nature. And I learned that this investigation is going to hit that trade generally like a thunderbolt because a lot of this had been happening in plain sight. (upbeat music) - Ultimately, we decided to plead Mr. Prokope out on what's called a co-operation agreement. A co-operation agreement usually means that you are agreeing to testify against other people in exchange for lenience or at least the hope of lenience. You can imagine with these co-operation agreements, we like to work our way up criminal organizations not down. Mr. Prokope didn't really have people to point upwards at, but he did have information that would help us secure a number of other dinosaur fossils, including information that a number of his sketchy-year friends in Florida were holding onto dinosaur fossils for him. We eventually recovered those fossils. And so at the end of the day, we had more than two dozen fossils or fossil pieces, including three Tyrannosaurus's and Enchylosaurus, that one with the armor on his back. - Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. - That kind of looks like the Barclay Center. - Yeah, it's a glove decker. - The glove decker's some gallimimuses and some eggs here and there. Just in a ray of different types of fossils. - Heritage auctions believes its consigner purchased the fossils in good faith and says we have cooperated in the investigation process for paleontologists to expeditiously examine the skeleton and we will continue to cooperate with authorities. - We wind up having Mr. Prokope plead guilty pursuant to a cooperation agreement. It's sort of an interesting thing because when you've got a first time offender in a white collar case, you usually expect that if that person pleads guilty to a cooperation agreement and has done what cooperation we ask of them, they're probably not gonna go to jail. The sentence is supposed to, among other things, reflect the seriousness of the offense. - There's no real blueprint for what a dinosaur co-operator gets. - Right. - And our judge struggled mightily with what to do here. We were not arguing for any particular sentence that was in line with the office's policy at the time, but I do think that everything in my body English was suggesting that this guy shouldn't get time. - Well, I'm trying to imagine, if you wanna triangulate what his justice look like for this dude who was the guy making money off of this particular skeleton or skeletons, I'm trying to put him in some sort of moral hierarchy, like okay, he's kind of like a poacher, but these animals are already dead. - Right, so you don't have that same link. - Right, so what do you compare him? - But it's not necessarily a victimless crime. - So in the case of United States versus Procopy, which is the criminal case that is related to the case that we came here to discuss, United States of America versus again, one tyrannosaurus buttar skeleton. The victim would be who? - Mongolia, Mongolia is the victim. The Mongolia officials we dealt with from the lead paleontologists to folks involved with the Mongolian embers. Embassy, they felt this very, very strongly. Mongolia is not an incredibly wealthy country, and I think that there is a certain underdog mentality that attaches to that and they are being kicked in a way that they saw as being worthy of meaningful punishment. What winds up happening is Mr. Procopy winds up getting three months in jail. - A fossil collector and US citizen Eric Procopy has been sentenced in federal court to three months in prison for smuggling dinosaur bones from Mongolia. He confessed to smuggling a number of skeletons of dinosaur including the skeleton of 70 million years old tyrannosaurus buttar from territory of Mongolia between 2010 and 2012. - Sometime after that, we're now sitting on this big collection of fossils that immigrations and customs enforcement has at a warehouse somewhere, and we commence the paperwork and the procedural stuff needed in order to do some repatriation ceremonies. - And so ceremonies. - Yeah. - How ceremony you'll are these ceremonies? - We had multiple repatriation ceremonies. - Well, good morning, and signed by new, as they say in Mongolian. I am John Morton, the director of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Today we do something extraordinary. We return to the people of Mongolia, a 70 million year old dinosaur that was looted from the Rocky Sands of the Gobi Desert. It is a tyrannosaurus buttar, a large two-footed predator and cousin of the tyrannosaurus Rex. The tea buttar skeleton we returned today is a rare, nearly complete skeleton that is 24 feet long and eight feet high. It was found in the Gobi Desert between 10 to 15 years ago and under Mongolian law, never should have left the country. Yet here it is before you. - Mongolia sends pretty high level Mongolian officials. - I wish to extend our profound gratitude for your hard work and dedication. Our collective success has proven that united we can fight and win against the ills and evils on Earth. And that friendship helps to build a just and secure world. I have absolutely no doubt that with the people like you, all my friends, our two countries, Mongolia and America are destined to aspire and win many more heights of cooperation and success. Thank you friends and welcome home, tea buttar. - They sent awards for us. I was one of a number of folks awarded the Mongolian presidential medal of friendship and had it pinned to my lapel during this ceremony. So too did Robert Painter and Sharon, the baby of the forfeiture. And at that first repatriation ceremony, some up and coming teen musician star saying what I imagine rates pretty highly on the Mongolian hit parade at one point in the ceremony. And it was the sort of thing that you never really forget. - This is the scene at the end of Star Wars. - Yes, but with dinosaur bones in Mongolia. - Yes, you're Tupacca with the medal. - Yes, yes, it's exactly that. I will say the Mongolians obviously were incredibly grateful and I'm not someone to nitpick when it comes to sincere displays of gratitude, like that one. There was one thing that happened that made me shake my head ever so slightly because this had become a big story in Mongolia and apparently had been a big political issue during that year's Mongolian elections. President Elbigdoer's ran for re-election and apparently securing and obtaining the repatriation of these fossils was listed among the big accomplishments of the Elbigdoer's administration. And one of the bits of, I don't wanna call it propaganda, but materials that had been prepared in anticipation of this event was a children's book in which the first of the guitars was an actual living character, not in skeletal form, but in full flesh was a character in the book and discussing its return. The children's book sort of gave the story of how the Mongolian spirit wouldn't be crushed and how ultimately the dinosaur got to come back home, all sort of broken down in a way that young children could understand and presumably be read to in their yurts at night. - Yes, in their equivalent of the Brooklyn Public Library. - Yes, yes. - They would have this book. - Yes. And there was one page. of this story, our story dedicated to the court proceedings in New York, which depicted sort of, you know, like fumbling, well-meaning American prosecutor, and that prosecutor was white. This is the time I will tell your audio listeners who may have been wondering, I am in fact quite black. And I saw this and kind of shook my head a little bit because even if it's only for the Mongolian market, I don't want this story whitewashed and God forbid, you know, Hollywood ever picks up with this. I don't want Matthew Broderick playing prosecutor Bell. I think that like Don Cheetle or John David Washington or somebody ought to get a shot. And look, there was at one point, perhaps a real possibility of this because a writer for the New Yorker who had attended a number of these proceedings wound up writing a very good piece. Yeah, it's page Williams. 20 page Williams of the New Yorker, a very good piece of the New Yorker about this case that took us up and to up through the plea. And she later wrote a very dense but very good book about the case called The Dinosaur Artist, which I would recommend to anybody who finds this story remotely interesting. And it will tell you not only about the prosecution, but also more than you ever wanted to know about the fossil trade, about Mongolian history. It's this deep dive into all of these factors that led to this sort of extraordinary happening. It helps explain for those who are wondering how it is that Martin Bell noted black attorney. The game, this character in a children's book, and also an owner of again, the Mongolian medal of friendship. This is how deeply felt these bones are. It is bone deep in the Mongolian character. The Mongolians cared immensely about this and were so clearly grateful. And I didn't complain about the children's book depiction of me. And so we had a couple of other repatriation ceremonies because it took a little while for the cases to actually clear. For each of these clutches of dinosaurs, we had to file in action. And so some of those were actually more strangely titled than the one that you've alluded to. And at one point, I guess this takes us to the part of the story where Nicholas Cage gets involved. I just want people to understand how hard it's been for me to know that Nicholas Cage would show up and not just scream. Nicholas Cage is going to show up in this episode. Just hold on. So there comes a point where we are tracking down the various trajectories of these dinosaurs. And we realize that a dinosaur that Nicholas Cage is known to have purchased in California for $200,000. That skull traced back to the procopy dinosaurs. It was a batar skull. And as such was likewise forfeitable because it was interstate transfer property that was stolen. And originated in-- And originated in Mongolia was stolen under Mongolian law. And so I reached out and contacted Nicholas Cage's attorneys. Right around this time, my wife had given birth to our first child, my daughter Zora. And I took a few weeks of paternity leave. And the event that brought me back from paternity was a business trip I had to take to Los Angeles in order to inspect with the agents Nicholas Cage's dinosaur skull in Nicholas Cage's storage depot. How Nicholas Cage was it? It wasn't as Nicholas Cage as one might expect it to be. There were some big and neat looking geodes in there. I don't think he had a whole lot stored in there at the time. I can see him as a geode guy though. That does make sense. So we took a look at the skeleton, which existed in three parts at the time. It's sort of like each hemisphere of the head. And then sort of like the lower sort of palate, which is longer than it would be on a person. Just for the record here, for those only listening, Martin Bell in describing Nicholas Cage's T-Rex skull is describing the movie poster for the movie Face Up. And so we're like, all right, yep, this looks good. And that too was ultimately shipped east, received by emigrations and customs and enforcement. We filed another action for that skull. So that had its own civil case. So we have a fourth reputation coming soon. So this one, we have some number of tip-tars skulls been seized, including the one that was used to be owned by Nicholas Cage. But that one, I think the last of the pieces involved in my case, was only repatriated, I think it's within the past year and a half. There was a ceremony at the Library of Congress in which emigrations and customs enforcement repatriated that skull along with several other pieces. And so it's just one of those things where I know it's going to stop you there. It's literally not one of those things. There is no episode we've done that is less like one of those things than the story that involves you repatriating Nicholas Cage's dinosaur boats. I suppose that's right. I have my Mongolian presidential medal of friendship hanging in my office on a little sort of custom frame that I got done at Michaels. I think to myself, well, there it is exactly as I'd planned it. And I want to make a couple of things clear relatively early on rather than face the wrath of Nicholas Cage and his attorneys. One, Mr Cage's attorneys could not have been nicer or more professional about the whole thing. Number two, Mr Cage did the right thing. Last December, actor Nicholas Cage agreed to return a stolen dinosaur skull. He purchased in 2007 for $276,000 from a well known gallery in Beverly Hills. He claims he didn't know it was stolen and I'm just grateful to have worked at a place that let me have what felt like actual adventures here and there. Well, as somebody who grew up going on adventures to the natural history museum to this Smithsonian who takes his daughter now, Violet to the museum to stand underneath these skeletons and marvel like Alan Grant did. I wonder where are the bones now. Ah, I have an answer. Mongolia ultimately repurposed an old Soviet era office building in its capital, ulan batar and the batar batar bit is real and turned it into a dinosaur museum and a major tourist attraction in Mongolia. I'm largely based just on the haul that they got from this case and it looks like a cool museum, like it's a couple of stories high, they've got dramatic lighting and it's just this thing that exists halfway across the world now in part because of the work that I was lucky enough to be able to participate in with my agency partners and the folks who supervised me at the US attorney's office. It's not the sort of thing that is going to get me a times obituary or a first pitch at, you know, at city field, although I mean, if Hock to it can do it. I've arguably earned it based on my contributions to science and Mongolia. And so this is where it does feel appropriate for me to just jump in and observe that, yes, of course, we here at Pawlatory finds out did reach out to Nicholas Cage and his team in order to ask if Nicholas Cage ever got paid back for the dinosaur skull or would perhaps like to visit it in the present in Mongolia even maybe with former federal prosecutor for the US attorney's office in the Southern District of New York. Martin Bell, whom Mr. Cage might remember from the time he prosecuted this case while also being a big fan of his movies. And Mr. Cage's manager and one of the most disappointing responses I've ever received hosting this show or anything had no comment. Which means that all we have to play for you right now is. is this video of Nicolas Cage sharing his perspective on this specific topic with GQ back in 2022. - There's the skull I bought at an auction and I bought it legally. Here's the Guffin, when the Magolian government said that they needed it back, I gave it to him, but I never got my money back. So somebody at the auction house should be in jail. - And so as for the recognition that Martin Bell was still hoping to receive back here at home from the world of sports, the world that he had abandoned memorably in favor of law school. Yeah, I mean, I doubt he'll get to throw out a first pitch for his beloved New York Mets, unfortunately. But I am significantly more confident about something else. There will be a movie about this story and all we need is for Nicolas Cage to break into that museum and repatriate his dinosaur skull. - I hope that if I do get that opportunity, if the movie is made, maybe they have the premiere in the Lombator and as the room goes dark and the opening credits roll, I just imagine and hope that a number of the Magolian audience will whisper to each other, I thought he was white. - Martin Bell, my friend and Mongolius. (laughing) - Thank you for coming into our studio. - It's been an honor, man. Thanks for having me. (upbeat music) - This has been Pablo Torre finds out a metal art media production, and I'll talk to you next time. (upbeat music)

Podcast Summary

Key Points:

  1. Martin Bell, a former federal prosecutor in the Southern District of New York, recounts prosecuting a civil forfeiture case involving a stolen *Tyrannosaurus baturus* skeleton, one of the first major cases of its kind under Mongolian cultural patrimony laws.
  2. The case stemmed from an attempted auction in Manhattan, halted by a court order due to suspicions of looting from Mongolia, where such fossils are protected under strict cultural heritage laws.
  3. Federal prosecutors, including Bell and Special Agent Daniel Brasier, worked to establish probable cause, leading to a search warrant and the seizure of over 25 fossil pieces, including three *Tyrannosaurus baturus* and a rare *Enchylosaurus* with armor.
  4. Eric Procopy, a Florida-based fossil dealer, pleaded guilty under a cooperation agreement and was sentenced to three months in prison for smuggling Mongolian dinosaur fossils.
  5. The fossils were returned to Mongolia through multiple repatriation ceremonies, with the country expressing deep gratitude and even creating a children's book about the event.
  6. Nicholas Cage, who purchased a *Tyrannosaurus baturus* skull in 2007 for $276,000, later returned it to Mongolia after learning it was stolen. His attorneys were professional, and he acted ethically.
  7. A museum dedicated to dinosaurs was built in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, thanks in part to the case’s outcomes.
  8. Bell reflects on the cultural and symbolic significance of the case, emphasizing the importance of justice, representation, and gratitude—particularly noting discomfort with a whitewashed depiction of himself in a Mongolian children’s book.

Summary:

S. federal prosecutor, recounts a unique and complex legal case involving the seizure and repatriation of a stolen *Tyrannosaurus baturus* dinosaur skeleton from Mongolia. The case began when an attempted auction in New York was stopped by a court order, raising concerns about the fossil's origin and ownership under Mongolia’s strict cultural heritage laws.

, and Florida to a dealer named Eric Procopy. Procopy, who sold the fossil through his Florida Fossils business, was found to have smuggled it illegally and pleaded guilty under a cooperation agreement, receiving a three-month prison sentence. The fossils were returned to Mongolia through multiple repatriation ceremonies, with the country deeply grateful—eventually creating a children's book about the event and a new dinosaur museum in Ulaanbaatar.

The case also involved Nicholas Cage, who had purchased a similar skull in 2007 and later returned it to Mongolia after learning it was stolen. Although no financial compensation was returned, Cage’s ethical decision drew praise. The story underscores the intersection of law, science, and cultural diplomacy, with Bell reflecting on the symbolic importance of justice and representation—particularly his discomfort with a whitewashed portrayal in a children’s book.

The case has inspired a potential film, and Bell hopes it will feature a dramatic scene where Cage returns the skull to Mongolia, symbolizing a powerful narrative of restitution and global cooperation.

FAQs

The dinosaur skeleton was a Tyrannosaurus batar, a cousin of the Tyrannosaurus rex native to Mongolia.

Mongolia has strict cultural patrimony laws protecting natural artifacts like dinosaur fossils from being looted and exported without consent. The skeleton was found in Mongolia's Gobi Desert and later sold through international channels, violating these laws.

Federal prosecutor Martin Bell, who worked at the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, prosecuted the case as part of a civil forfeiture investigation.

Eric Procopy, a Florida-based fossil seller, was found to have smuggled and auctioned the dinosaur fossils from Mongolia, ultimately pleading guilty under a cooperation agreement.

The U.S. conducted repatriation ceremonies, returning the fossils to Mongolia through official channels, with ceremonies held at locations like the Library of Congress and a formal return of the skull to Mongolian officials.

Yes, Nicholas Cage purchased a Tyrannosaurus batar skull in 2007 for $276,000, which was later identified as stolen and forfeited under federal law.

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