A recent paleontological study reveals that Tyrannosaurus rex had a remarkably slow growth rate, continuing to develop until approximately 40 years old. This finding implies that few individuals survived to reach full maturity, altering previous lifespan estimates. The research also lends support to the validity of Nanotyrannus as a separate species, suggesting juvenile T. rex occupied different ecological niches, potentially reducing competition. However, the debate over multiple T. rex species remains unresolved, with some researchers pointing to minor morphological differences, though these claims lack definitive evidence. In other discoveries, analysis of the Cambrian vertebrate *Saccambaspis* shows it possessed four eyes, an evolutionary trait lost in later vertebrates, offering insights into early visual systems. Additionally, the ancient organism *Prototaxites*, a giant 8-meter-tall structure from early terrestrial ecosystems, has been identified as a unique form of eukaryotic life, distinct from known kingdoms like plants or fungi.
New Study Reveals Slow T.rex Growth and Speciation Debates
How's it going everybody?
Welcome back to the Paleo Pod.
Today we have a few different topics we would like to cover, starting off with the recent developments in Tyrannosaurus growth.
So what do we think?
Yes.
Speaker 2
I did you say they're slow?
Speaker 1
Technically, yes, they're very slow.
Speaker 2
Maybe we should be specific how I think.
Honestly, I'll be completely honest, a few months ago, maybe like a year ago at this point, I had someone asked me, 'cause like whenever I'm on like a dyno class, you'll end up talking about like how you can age certain specimens, figure out how old they were when they passed.
And I'd always say it's like, Oh yeah, T Rex maybe lived to like 30.
And then like other large theropods like carcaratons of swords maybe sold their 50s.
And there would be some people would be like, what makes T Rex different?
Why is it so much like, why does it, you know, keel over so much faster?
I genuinely had no answer for them.
So I can't say I'm surprised by this.
I.
Speaker 3
Think stress.
Stress would be a good.
Speaker 2
Reason.
I don't know.
Hey, I'm.
Speaker 3
Going to go fight I had.
Speaker 2
One of the hours to survive.
Speaker 3
I don't want to do this.
Speaker 2
I don't know, I'd be stressed it too if I was a large carcaridons of sword and I had to live among giant herds of titanosaurs every day.
Just saying.
Yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah, fair enough.
Speaker 3
Slightly weird off inch bit of it in a sense of I remember mate comparing it to a game boat in Call of Duty where you had to get a kill quickly otherwise you died.
If you, I can't remember the name of the game mode we were talking about, it's basically like T Rex, you know, like just you got to get something to you just die.
She's going to get killed.
You got to hurry up and get the next one.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
For some further context for our for our audience, there was a new study published that looked at 17 different specimens, which is a better data set than we had previously, which gives us more information about how T Rex grew.
And the conclusion was that this guy and girl, you know, there's more than guys.
There was they had a very slow growth rate that wouldn't stop until they were 40 years old, which means that that the chances of there being a significant number of fully grown T Rex are pretty low overall because they would have to try to get there first for 40 years, 40 years.
Speaker 2
Yeah, I don't believe they they stated what the possible maximum age for AT Rex would be as.
Speaker 1
Well, I haven't found.
Speaker 2
Anything.
Yeah.
I I mean, we we could now now that T Rex seems to align a lot more with other large theropods, We could say that it's similar to the the one Miraxi specimen that was like in its early 50s, Right.
So maybe also, what does this imply for Sue, Scottie and Stan?
Like how old do we assume they are now?
Speaker 1
I don't know if it was stated.
Was it because what sue was 28 previously as it was estimated?
I don't know how old Scotty was.
Do you know how old?
Speaker 2
Scotty was let.
Speaker 1
Me chat real quick.
Speaker 2
Not entirely because, like Sue, had early signs of arthritis, right?
Speaker 1
Yes, and you can.
Speaker 3
Get arthritis at any age really.
Speaker 1
That's true.
Speaker 3
I was I would never use arthritis as a it's more of just being well used rather than well aged.
Speaker 2
What, what, what part of her?
Well, what part of her where?
Where was the arthritis and her both?
Speaker 3
Phalanges.
Speaker 2
Was it?
I forget.
Speaker 3
The comment.
Speaker 2
Before, but either way, she.
Speaker 3
In a little caliphate, let's put it that way.
Speaker 1
Yeah, she she was covered in injuries, much like a most other theropod skeletons we fight.
Speaker 3
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
So, yeah.
And then another thing that was added to this is that it seems possible that because T Rex had such a slow growth, it's possible that it filled different niches as it matured.
Which means that it it could have possibly competed with Nanotyrannus when it was around that that age for a similar this type of food that Nanotyrannus was going after.
So maybe we can learn a little bit more about how Nano Tyrannis interacted with T Rex, since currently we don't have a lot of information on that.
Speaker 3
I've got the paleo.
It's haunted, T Rex.
Speaker 1
Yeah, constantly fed on baby T Rex as they ate nothing else.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 1
It it's.
Speaker 2
I I understand the thematic standing of it like taking on a baby T Rex, but like guys, can it not just take down like in a Carol Raptor every once in a while?
Can we not just like?
Speaker 3
You know even the Nano Tyrannosis have to worry about it's going for a drink with the Mosasaurus infested waters.
Speaker 1
Right.
What is this place?
What is this place?
It's.
Speaker 3
Hell, Hell's Creek, yeah.
Speaker 2
Literally.
Speaker 1
Lives up to its name.
Speaker 2
I Speaking of that, I loved the the hashtag because there was this hashtag going around on like Instagram, I think Twitter.
It might have started on Twitter.
I'm not entirely sure.
The when the nano paper came out, there was like hashtag back to hell.
I thought that was great.
Speaker 1
That's a good one, I like that.
Speaker 2
Man, I just.
Speaker 3
I.
Speaker 2
The Nanotyrannus validity and its ramifications have been a catastrophe for the paleo community.
Speaker 3
Don't know anything about T Rex.
Speaker 1
What's even funnier though is I think this recent study also kind of further confirms the existence of Nanotyrannus because they did find more significant differences between Nanotyrannus, the Nanotyrannus specimens, and T Rex.
Also, they mentioned that some of these specimens might be different species of T Rex.
What's up with that?
Will, Will Imperator?
And will Imperator and Regina live again?
Speaker 2
Do not, do not do the last time I checked.
Last time I checked, there is still no correlation between morphology and placement in time.
So, and also from the sounds of it, with the kinds of pressures T Rex had from both competition and prey items, diversification into three species doesn't exactly sound plausible for it.
Speaker 3
Did you know?
I know I did.
Speaker 1
Dakota, it did live for two like what, 2,000,000 years?
So there was plenty of time for other species to branch off.
I mean, we know of Macrae Ansys, of course.
Question is how many species.
Yeah.
Speaker 3
You think about how many species of lion it used to be before humans took them all out.
Speaker 1
Yeah, even in that, like, what lions and leopards branched off within a smaller amount of time than what T Rex lived in.
So, you know, it's certainly, certainly a possibility.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
But like I still don't agree with the notion that that like Greg Paul gives for his justification of Regina and.
Speaker 1
We we, we certainly need better data than tooth count and you know, just minor differences than what was proposed that then I can't remember the reasoning for suggesting that other species existed.
Unfortunately.
It's been a couple weeks since I read the paper because this episode is late at talking to about it but.
Speaker 2
Sorry.
Speaker 1
But I'm not too sure if it was actually like differences, like minor differences in the skeleton, or if it was something else, like maybe it was like the growth rate that separated them or something like that.
Speaker 2
Could you use growth rate as an example for speciation or?
Speaker 1
I don't know if you could honestly, because that is tricky in and of itself.
An animal could grow a little bit slower if it's hungry, you know, if like it's going through a spell where it doesn't get nearly enough food or maybe the weather conditions are not exactly ideal.
So I even that would probably be a little bit iffy.
Speaker 3
Even genetics as well.
Yeah, exactly.
Yes.
Speaker 1
Like something like that?
Speaker 3
Compare like a load a bunch of 1 year olds and humans.
They all grew up at different stages right?
But not one would just be the same height over and over again.
Yeah, I don't think it'd be it.
You'd have to be drastically different for it to even be considered.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
So I'm not going to, I'm not going to say anything definitively because I don't, I don't quite know their reasoning of why they said suggested that there was multiple species.
If any of you know in the comments, there's a squirrel right outside my window.
But if any of you know, be sure to let us know.
Speaker 2
Checking in on his his cousin.
Speaker 1
Like it like caught my high eye and I was like is my wife outside with my daughter and Nope, squirrel OK.
Speaker 3
Squirrel, how are you doing my mammal from another mammal?
Speaker 2
There's, I don't get the jizz to talk about this very often, but I used to be really big into analog horror.
There's a, there's this one crazy series called Monument Mythos that makes absolutely no sense.
And at some point throughout the series, it's like this 2001 PowerPoint presentation editing, and there's this squirrel.
And it's just like Mr. Squirrel.
What?
It's a great clip by Wendigoon that talks about that.
Speaker 1
Well, now I don't have to look into that.
It's a essential view of the squirrel.
Exploring Our Four-Eyed Vertebrate Ancestors from the Cambrian
Speaking of squirrels and our ancestors, apparently our our early vertebrate ancestors had four eyes, and I'm kind of upset about that.
I'm upset that we don't have four eyes.
Yeah.
So we'd be so much.
Speaker 1
Cooler, I haven't had the chance to read about this.
So what are we dealing with with, with with your with your folks?
Speaker 2
Let me actually 'cause I think I had this pulled up.
Speaker 3
Kind of glad we don't do.
Speaker 2
Do do do so.
Speaker 3
Imagine how expensive these If you needed glasses, it's 4.
Speaker 2
Sets.
So the article came out from Nature.
The title is for camera 4 camera type eyes in the earliest vertebrate vertebrates Vertebrates from the Cambrian period.
Unfortunately, I don't have access to the full paper because nature requires I pay a subscription.
But I have seen the images and I Hello, is my browser working?
And it's it's weird.
Here is an interpretation of it that a lifelike interpretation.
If you want to take a look at this guy.
Beautiful.
Yeah, that's that's interesting.
I just.
Speaker 3
That's what I want to say about that, really.
I've seen the picture before but even then just looking at it's like.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 3
It's kind of looks like it's if you look at the eyes on the outside, it looks kind of like, oh, curious, look at the eyes in the middle and that little node nasal passage there it looks in.
Speaker 2
Shock.
What I do find really interesting about this is that we know that some animals alive today and hey, if you've ever owned a pet bearded dragon, you'll already know this.
There are some animals, like vertebrate animals that have three eyes.
Bearded Dragons have one on the top of their head.
I remember we had a bearded dragon named Khaleesi a few years ago, and I remember learning about that.
And I was like, is that true?
And I walked into like my sister's room where Khaleesi was, and I was like, oh, you do have an eye on your forehead.
It's so weird.
Speaker 3
Show me your.
Speaker 2
Eye I'm trying to find the image of the the there was like some kind of scan of its skull I think, but I don't know if I can find it unfortunately.
Oh oh oh, this is weird.
Oh, this is like a OK, so this is this is a a graph of how they developed it looks like it's because we came from Succubambassis.
Speaker 3
There's a.
Speaker 2
Reason we don't have four eyes such.
Speaker 3
A cool fish.
Speaker 2
Yeah, no, it's just really bizarre.
Oh, here it is.
Here's the actual, like, fossil of it.
I'm trying to find it everywhere.
So I found it on on fizz.org.
Yeah.
What?
That's so odd.
I don't know.
I think there's a lot of just because the way I'm understanding is that this guy was probably like a dead end when it comes to like evolution and how that went.
So it probably doesn't really have any descendants from the.
Speaker 1
Zoom the.
Speaker 3
Zoom in pics on there.
Really good to look, aren't they?
Speaker 2
Yeah, it's just so bizarre.
Then again, it's from the Cambrian.
Everything there is weird.
Speaker 3
It's an interesting period to look at and again, doesn't get looked at enough or, you know, in public social media.
Speaker 2
Yeah, I'm actually, no, I'm looking at this again.
I don't think it's a dead end, so to speak.
I think it's because it's on the same line.
I just, I have to wonder and I, I have an idea, but like some, someone asked or like, why would you lose the extra eyes?
And we like just keep the two.
I want to say that's because you can do everything that you can with four eyes, just as good with two.
Speaker 3
Yeah, especially they're all facing the same direction.
Well, I say like the different eyes and different like colour receptors inside them.
So like the two eyes would see some different colours.
The ones in the middle we'll see a completely different thing like ultraviolet, something like that.
And what's to do with maybe in the water, the both, they're all facing the same way.
Maybe it was something to do in the case of like being able to see other things.
You know, like how some fish today will admit a different light to communicate to one another, but all the fish can't see that.
Maybe these did the same thing and then they use those middle eyes to see that color so they can find the rest of their species depending what kind of waters live in it.
Speaker 2
Yeah, I another thing as well is that like our brains like omit certain things about our vision.
Like we can always see our nose, but our brain just decides, hey, you don't need to like see that all the time.
I wonder what their brain like omitted that they were like constantly seeing and just and like also I wonder like if if they're seeing different colors with different eyes, I wonder if their brain kind of melded the vision into like one thing and they're just constantly seeing all of those colors.
Speaker 3
Probably.
I imagine so by it was interesting really, isn't it?
Speaker 2
Could you imagine you close one of your eyes and you can no longer see the color red?
Yeah, No.
It's so bizarre.
I don't know, it's.
It's so weird.
Speaker 3
I like it, I know.
Speaker 1
It's I just.
Speaker 2
Like on this point.
Speaker 3
Just the middle eyes and that little orifice there it.
Speaker 2
Really does look strong, yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I'm definitely going to read up, read a little bit more about that.
Speaker 2
Yeah, very cool.
Speaker 3
To get the paper.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, I might look at the look at the summary in fizz.org, honestly.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Unveiling Prototaxites: Earth's Ancient Giant Life Forms
Oh, yeah.
Speaking of weird new things, Balaji, I believe you mentioned this.
What's what's up with this weird new tall life form that we have found recently?
Oh.
Speaker 3
Yeah, jeez, I was like thinking that like, what did I mention?
Yeah, we got.
Well, it's a new life form.
So, you know, it's it's not a plant, it's not a fungus, it's not an animal.
It's a brand new thing all together which is really cool and I'm currently drawing a blank round.
Speaker 2
Do what?
Speaker 3
And drawing a blank round out what was called it.
It basically, we looked into it a lot recently in the sense of, well, they found, found out what it was and trying to remember what is basically there's a big tall stick.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I know.
I know what you're.
Speaker 3
Talking.
Yeah, I'm trying to.
I'm trying to think in my head like I read up about it, but I've slept since then.
Known as Obelisk.
Speaker 2
Prototactites.
I think that's what it says.
Speaker 3
Yeah, Prototactites.
This one's, well, the one that I'm talking about is obelisks.
But it's it's kind of cool.
It's when life on land was kind of being adventurous.
It's really tall when you think about it in most life forms back then they were like on land were ankle height.
And this one could like be, I think an American would be 26 feet.
Speaker 2
Oh my God, it's huge.
It's 8 meters.
Speaker 3
Yeah, 8 meters.
Oh.
Speaker 2
My God, that's huge.
Speaker 1
That is pretty hefty.
Speaker 2
Hold on, where this is from?
I think new science look at this size comparison.
Yeah.
Oh my God.
Speaker 3
Every everybody else was like ankle high and this things they're like, you know what, I'm going places.
Speaker 1
I'm going up.
Speaker 3
I'm going up in the world, boys.
He's.
Speaker 2
Going up and nowhere else.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Speaker 3
Yeah, but this is his own thing.
Speaker 2
That's so weird.
Speaker 3
Which is so brand new life form, which it's like I said, it's not a fungus, it's not a plant, it's not an animal.
It's just a new thing in total, which I thought was kind of cool I've really I read the whole thing and I was listening to like several videos on it.
I can't pull it out of my head right now.
It's been one of those days we're.
Speaker 2
All exhausted.
Yeah, it's been a, it's been a wild few days.
I do remember.
Do what?
Speaker 3
It's a unique life form no longer found on Earth.
Speaker 2
Yeah, there was a video I saw online of some someone who's very obviously still in like, college or something.
He's like, we found like a brand new form of life and he like leans into the camera and he's like, shut up, got up.
They're going to make us learn about this in biology class.
Speaker 3
What's wrong with that?
You know, biology class, Scott.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
Speaker 3
Both biology.
Speaker 2
He's my mom.
Speaker 1
He's he's a pretty he's a pretty good he's a pretty cool dude.
I.
Speaker 2
Haven't seen him in a while.
Speaker 3
Yeah, just just me and my pizza.
Speaker 2
Yeah, ever since this guy showed up with like a in the pizza box, we haven't really seen biology.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah.
Crazy.
Miss him?
Speaker 2
This guy's got glasses though, so yeah, I think it's not the same.
Clearly a different person.
So I almost.
Speaker 3
Like I think biology from somewhere here.
Speaker 1
Oh, so hi, guys.
Hey.
Speaker 3
Biology.
Speaker 2
Oh, where'd he?
Speaker 3
Go it's like clock lens he's.
Speaker 2
Cork.
Speaker 1
Oh man.
Speaker 2
So was it?
No, it's.
Oh, yeah.
Hold on.
Wasn't there?
I want to say there was a there was there.
I don't remember if this was old or new.
Oh yeah.
So this is from like a month ago.
I only recently heard about this but there was like a Denisovian skull that was finally found.
Like we finally have like the skull of a Denisovian again from a month ago.
But is that the order it's in?
Speaker 3
Yeah, that's it.
That's it's thing.
It's class.
Speaker 2
Yukar, Yotic.
Speaker 1
Eukaryotic.
Eukaryotic.
Speaker 3
It's just a weird thing to see growing like it makes you think.
Like would it taste good with garlic?
Speaker 1
Probably not.
Speaker 3
That'll probably give pride in the pound with garlic.
Oh.
Speaker 1
This is that would probably give you some type of stomach illness that you have never seen before.
Speaker 3
I can't remember.
Speaker 2
This is just eukaryotes.
Speaker 3
I can't remember which university it was all museum, but they were talking about like ancient shellfish.
I was like oh I wonder if it tastes nice with garlic and butter in a pan.
The the reply was brilliant because they used the actual species name for garlic.
Oh it hasn't.
Would have evolved to like another few million years later so they would have never known.
Like it's the only way to respond to that.
Speaker 2
So it's just a, it's just a eukaryote like everything else.
But it does seem to be like in its own Kingdom.
It might be in its own Kingdom.
I think that's what it is because eukaryote is the the domain.
Oh my God, this thing has a lot of species.
Speaker 3
There's a lot of these things, weren't there really?
Speaker 2
Yeah, What's going on?
It's with Earth and sticks.
Earth and Sticks, some of some interpretations of this thing are very interesting.
I mean, that's really weird.
That's.
Speaker 3
Just it just makes you think of a termite hell really like all the structures that they make for Airways.
Speaker 2
Hold on guys, I got AI got to go collect insects for a quest.
I'll be right back man.
No, it's that's so I don't know.
I It's just so alien looking.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 2
It really is.
It's I.
Speaker 1
That is a fine description of practically all life on earth back then.
Speaker 3
This is.
Speaker 1
Alien looking.
Alien looking.
Speaker 3
I still like the.
Speaker 1
All throughout the Paleozoic.
Speaker 3
I can't think it's name right now, but the thing I always think of when I think of Alien films is that that one shrimp ish looking creature of big eyes and a trunk of teeth at the end.
Not the one with the sticky bits, but all this eyes.
Speaker 1
The totally Monstrum, totally Monstrum, totally monster.
Totally monster.
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
That guy's weird.
I think that was going to try to draw that for our Aimbrian episode or sorry, our Carboniferous episode.
Speaker 2
I have an avatar of that in VR Chat.
Actually.
I have a Tully monster avatar to you.
Really.
So it's a hand puppet.
So like, did you ever come into my shirt?
Because I had a Helicorpion avatar on the other week and that's also a hand puppet.
So I just like just wring it out.
Speaker 3
OK, this wasn't the thing I was thinking of.
Speaker 1
You were thinking of Toy Monster, wasn't it?
So you weren't thinking of Toy Monstrum?
Speaker 3
It looks more shrimp like.
Speaker 1
Anomala karis Anomala.
Speaker 2
Karis.
Speaker 3
No, not a normal car.
It has this like a weird longer pen dish at the end of it.
Like this.
A little bit like this, but not quite like this.
The Ecological Importance of Predators and Shoebill Storks
Send a photo.
Speaker 3
Trying to remember his name.
What is the?
Speaker 2
Name.
What is the name?
What is the name I'm trying to remember I I think I know what you're talking about, but I don't remember its name either.
I.
Speaker 3
Was making a teddy bear of it recently.
I was like, what can I have one of those?
Speaker 1
Opabenia.
Speaker 2
Is that it's saying opabenia?
Speaker 3
Popa benia I.
Speaker 1
Can't remember what that actually looked like.
Opabenia.
Oh yeah, is it Opabenia?
Speaker 3
OK, how do you spell it?
Speaker 1
OPAB OPABINIAB.
Speaker 2
Yeah, this might be it.
Yeah, it's got the weird appendix thing.
Yeah.
Speaker 3
Look at that view.
Speaker 1
It's kind of.
Speaker 3
You know, this is kind of thing I'd keep as a pet.
Just feed us salmon every now and.
Speaker 1
Then oh indeed.
Indeed.
Yeah.
What?
How big it?
Speaker 2
Was what a freak.
Speaker 3
Oh.
Speaker 1
Lawrence.
Tiny, tiny little creature too.
Speaker 3
You can imagine like how tiny was it?
Speaker 1
Tiny, tiny, tiny tiny.
Speaker 2
Like 10, like less than 10 centimeters.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 1
Oh.
Speaker 3
This is the kind of thing, you know, when you get those like fairy shrimp tanks from the toy shop and you just put your little saffy legs in this.
This is, this would be one of those, yeah.
Speaker 2
Man, I oh, it's got the the species name of Regalis.
Speaker 1
What do you?
Speaker 2
Think would happen if we replace these two like swapped these two animals in time.
Speaker 1
Oh my, just tell tell just cuts to the Edmonisaurus freaking drowning Just.
Speaker 2
Dying.
It dies of oxygen deprivation before it can drown.
Speaker 1
Yeah, like it gets out of the water, Steve.
It's still.
Speaker 2
Suffocating.
It's like the the the Morpheus thing, the red versus the blue pills.
Like drown or suffocate?
Speaker 3
The new regalis, We've got the regalis at home, regalis at home.
Shrimp noises, like suffocated shrimp noises.
Can't breathe for this atmosphere.
Speaker 1
That kind of reminds me of the fact that the Shoebill stork and Tyrannosaurus both have the same species name, that being Rex.
Speaker 2
Real.
Oh, I need to see this.
I didn't know that.
Speaker 3
See that fire Triceratops so badly it's pecking in his eye?
Like, yeah, take that.
Speaker 1
Because what was it?
It's Belancia Belania seps Rex.
Speaker 2
Yeah, wow.
Speaker 1
Yeah, so it's the B Rex, meaning the.
Speaker 2
Do you know what that's that genus name means?
Speaker 1
No.
What does that mean?
Speaker 2
Means the the whale head king.
Speaker 1
Oh, fair enough.
Speaker 2
Or the whale head.
Speaker 3
All right, so strange looking whale.
Speaker 1
Swap the B Rex with the T Rex.
What do you get?
What happens?
Speaker 2
We get an ecological disaster on both ends if if you swapped like every individual.
Hold on, what's the shoebill stork's population number?
There's roughly about 3 to 5000.
Speaker 1
Geez.
Damn, that's a lot of that's a lot of tyrannosaurs.
Speaker 2
Did you ever watch the ASDF movies?
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 2
It was like, you remember the suddenly pineapples.
Oh yeah, it.
Speaker 3
Was like.
Speaker 2
Suddenly, T Rex.
Speaker 1
Oh that would be terrible for this little area of Africa.
And then the Hell Creek formation.
They lose their top predator so all of their triceratopsin and Montessorius just die because of too much disease can spread.
Speaker 2
This will affect the trout population people.
Speaker 3
Honestly don't realize how much like, predators keep diseases in check.
Yeah, and life stuff like that.
Speaker 1
Population control is important.
Speaker 3
It is when you think about it like zombie deer protozoa, but that's only really kept in check for predators.
Places where you have walls and mountain lions, you find that that disease is very low compared to places where they are in.
Those predators are in lower numbers than the diseases in higher.
Well, not disease.
The protozoa is in the higher wave form in the sense.
Speaker 1
Right.
Speaker 3
Yeah, important management.
Speaker 1
Very, very important.
Speaker 2
I always remember the the wolves in Yellowstone whenever this gets brought up.
Speaker 1
Yeah, the elk, what the elk were probably going to send themselves to extinction there for a bit till wolves were.
Speaker 2
Reduced because.
Speaker 1
What human Human hunting is not allowed in Yellowstone.
So what's eating all these elk?
Bears.
The Bears can't do it on their own.
Speaker 2
What else you.
Debating Hadrosaur Size and T.rex's Unrivaled Dinosaur Fame
Mentioned a few things, didn't we?
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Bars.
Bars had its what, 45th anniversary of its description, Yeah.
Speaker 1
Which is shout out.
It's been 4 decades and we still don't know a lot about Bars boldia.
Still very few fossils.
Speaker 2
Just a shame, yeah.
Speaker 1
We know it was a big it.
Speaker 2
Was a big.
Speaker 3
Animal.
Speaker 1
Yeah, shout out Pat the.
Speaker 2
Titans Oh yeah, for for even informing me because I I didn't even know that it it's only been 45 years.
It feels like it should have been one of those animals we found in like the late 18.
Speaker 1
Hundreds.
It does, doesn't it?
Even the image that's that's on like that they have on Wikipedia of its neural spines and like a piece of its hip I think looks like it's really old.
Speaker 2
Oh yeah.
Speaker 3
You feel like the older the species, we've known it, more people know about it.
But like when you talk about balls ball, do you like what?
Speaker 1
Yeah, it's like.
Speaker 3
What's that?
Speaker 1
What's that?
Oh well, have you ever heard of Edmontosaurus?
It might have looked like that.
Speaker 3
Oh, I heard of Edmontosaurus, Yeah.
Speaker 2
Maybe Speaking of Edmonto, I caught some flak for my Edmontosaurus video recently, and not for the reason I caught flak in the past.
Speaker 1
Why?
Why did you catch flak?
Speaker 2
So I, I, I got in trouble last time because I, I mentioned how big.
Yeah, people were like, it was like, like not every Edmontosaurus was that big or Edmontosaurus didn't get that big.
There were some people that just didn't believe what I was saying.
I made very sure to indicate that these were exceptionally large individuals, like 1142 and stuff like that.
I caught flak for my intro line, which is what I say every time I talk about bars on Dino class which is Edmontosaurus is the most hadrosaur hadrosaur to ever hadrosaur and I had a handful of people being like objection Hadrosaurus is the most hadrosaur hadrosaur to ever hadrosaur and I was like Hadrosaurus wishes it was at montes that's.
Speaker 3
Beautiful.
Speaker 1
Yeah, you're going to get I, I hate that so much.
On that note, no, it doesn't matter what you say.
There's going to be contrarians that show up.
It's like you could say something like T Rex is the most famous dinosaur out there and be like, I argue Brontosaurus is the most famous dinosaur out.
Speaker 3
There who used Brontosaurus wasn't even real for a bit.
Speaker 2
Hilarious about that is that following the Atmosaurus video, I made a brontosaurus video and I had to edit the script and say arguably one of the most famous dinosaurs ever.
Speaker 1
Yeah, man, you can't.
You can't speak in absolutes.
They'll they'll tear you apart.
Speaker 2
For it.
Thank.
You're a Sith Lord, Yeah.
Speaker 3
Well, we all know the most famous dinosaurs.
T Rex.
You go Sony knows nothing about dinosaurs or a picture of AT Rex and they'll go, that's AT Rex.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 3
Any other picture of like some dumb lizard?
Speaker 1
People will look at a picture of an Allosaurus and they'll go.
That's AT Rex.
People will look at.
Speaker 3
Some people will look at statue of an Allosaurus.
Yeah, that's a good looking T Rex then.
Look.
Speaker 1
At that T Rex crazy.
Speaker 3
The thing might be my new favorite thing to do is go around museums and just say that in a shot of people to see what they say.
Listen, looking at like the the the metric of thesaurus fossil.
I love going to see.
It's like that's a cool looking to your.
Speaker 2
Never go into a museum with you.
I get a second hand embarrassment.
I was like.
Speaker 1
God, I don't even know you.
Why are you near me?
Jeez.
Speaker 3
Looks at the like God seagulls got big back then like.
Speaker 1
Just.
Speaker 2
Just yesterday I had someone come in and and say Mr. T Rex and then ask me a question and I'm like, I'm an acro.
What are you looking at?
Speaker 3
What is this?
When you're irritator, I was calling you Ochel Alia.
That's a nice ocean.
That's that's what I think of when I when I was watching Lakota's Ed Montesorius video.
Speaker 1
Oh well.
Speaker 3
That's really about good about sizes like Oh yeah, that's that's the size.
That's another else that's a normal at Montosaurus.
Speaker 1
That's like at Montosaurus compared to like what, Sir Olophis or something?
Wasn't Sir Olophis kind of small?
Speaker 2
That like one of them was small.
Speaker 1
So there are some small hydrosaurus.
I just need a good example right now.
Let me check the size of Sir Olophis.
Speaker 2
That they hadros.
Yeah, because of its island dwarfism.
Speaker 1
Yesh.
Oh no.
Cerolophis is big.
Cerolophis is a big boy.
OK, nevermind.
Speaker 2
I was I was thinking that because it's like sometimes we could take a Tramera.
Speaker 1
Cerolophis, no.
And Montosaurus is certainly larger than in Montosaurus, and Bars Boldia is probably larger than in Montosaurus, and Chantongosaurus is probably larger than both of those guys.
Speaker 3
No, Chantingosaurus is the smallest one.
Speaker 1
Oh, you're right, you're right.
Speaker 2
Did he just say Edmontosaurus is bigger than Edmontosaurus?
Did I?
I think you did.
Speaker 1
Did I really wait?
Did who did?
Who Did he, me or him?
Speaker 2
You did you.
I think you did well tactically.
I don't know, you might have slipped up a bit.
Speaker 1
Hey, like, I mean, yeah, if we want to look at if you want to like if you want to look like like a Nectans compared to Regalis, then yeah, Edmontosaurus is.
Speaker 3
Bad then it is.
Speaker 2
Pretty staggering, yeah.
Speaker 1
So I'll stand on that.
He'll stand by it.
Speaker 3
Stand on that hill, yeah.
Speaker 1
But I meant Sir.
All of this anyway.
Yeah.
And back on the bars boldly.
Yeah.
It's unfortunate that we don't know a lot about it.
It seems like it was a big Hatterasaur, possibly comparable in size to Chantungasaurus, which is cool.
But yeah, there was even some debate on whether or not it was a lambiosaurine or a cerolophene.
So right now it's a cerolophene, which is, you know, the same group that Edmontosaurus and Chantangosaurus are in, which is why they often look like that in depictions.
Great.
Yeah.
Bars Bolia.
Speaker 2
Man such a doesn't.
I remember this getting talked about a lot when Bars Bolia got its TLC and Path of Titans.
Doesn't it have like this weird hump going on with its neural spines?
Speaker 1
We've, yeah, we found like a, a, some of their vertebral column that shows tall neural spines.
The only issue with reconstructions in general is that we don't know if that covered its whole back.
You know, so often times they just make its little hump above like the spot that we know about.
It's kind of like Alta spinax in, in that way that we only have like a piece of the vertebrae.
And so as a result, they give it like a concave inator style hump when, you know, maybe covered the whole back.
We don't know.
That's the problem with, you know, sparse fossils.
Jurassic World Evolution 3 Rebirth DLC and Majungasaurus Design Flaws
It turns out possibility is actually part of any of that family.
It's a new spanner.
Saw it.
Could you in sale?
Speaker 1
Could you imagine?
Speaker 3
Accepted in Eat Fish, Eat Seagrass.
Speaker 1
Well, that is, that is certainly is the interesting change of pace for a.
Speaker 2
We also had I I miss this but I, I want to say that you you know about this Dino.
Did we get confirmation on a a rebirth DLC for Evolution 3?
Speaker 1
Apparently I think it was like an investor's live stream or something like that where they confirmed, yeah.
Speaker 3
Yeah, it was an investor's live stream and the, the, I think people blown over well, like thinking that this is going to be the next DLC.
It could be, but they did mention like how that you know they are going to do DLCS tied to the films because they do really well, especially when you look at the the Malta DLC and you looked at the bass and DLC, those DLCS did really well because they were tie insurance with the film and everyone.
You know, people want what they see in the movies, don't they?
Yeah, yeah.
So they they were mentioning how, you know, the Rebirth DLC would be, you know, well, I don't even remember if they specifically said rebirth.
They just said moving movie tie insurance.
There's like a bit of a theory is going on at the moment because if you notice, the three animals we've been getting are the ones that are in Chaos Fairy and Camp Cretaceous.
Yeah.
So there's like a little movement fairy going on that the next DLC is probably going to be a Camp Cretaceous DLCI think like the next free animal, if it is a Irannosaurus would feel very much in that direction.
So you know, reskins and stuff like that to go with the DLC itself.
But then also going back to the rebirth thing, you know, it's going to sell well.
Like when you look at the comments, like anything they post, even if it's just them showing off a picture of someone's screenshot discord, they'll be like, oh, where's the Rebirth DLC?
When's it coming when you know many people are going to want the D Rex, many people won't want the D Rex, many people want the mutedons, many people won't want the mutedons, but it people will still probably buy a new.
Speaker 2
Place.
Speaker 3
And I feel like it'd be more of an expansion pack, like like where we saw with the Wetlands DLC, it'd be like load of theme bits from there.
And you're wondering what theme bits will get like.
I'm kind of hoping for like Temple and the laboratory laboratory stuff.
Speaker 1
I'm certainly noticing that people are expecting a lot from a Rebirth DLC.
They want to, they want a new skin for Spinosaurus, they want a new one for T Rex.
Obviously the Mutedons, that'll be a new creature entirely as they're, you know, a mixture between a Raptor and a Velociraptor.
Wow, Velociraptor And a Pteranodon did it again.
And then they What else?
Speaker 3
What else did they D Rex?
Speaker 1
The D Rex, Yeah, the D Rex.
You know, I would be I would be surprised if they wanted a neurognathis to I was going.
Speaker 3
To say that I will not, yeah, that's what I want.
I want at the moment.
Speaker 1
So I feel.
Speaker 3
Like I feel.
Speaker 1
Like there's a lot of work that needs to go into a Rebirth DLC, so it might be a bit before it actually happens.
Speaker 2
Yeah, I I will say if we this might be a hot take with Majungosaurus coming out recently.
I don't think I want a chaos theory Majungosaurus skin.
Have you ever noticed that the chaos theory Majungosaurus a does not have ears and B its skull ends right behind its eyes It.
Speaker 1
Does see Does it really?
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Look at it.
Speaker 1
I've only the skull, just.
Speaker 2
Ends.
Speaker 1
I've only paid attention to the arms and the snout shape.
Speaker 3
And it's size.
Speaker 1
It's size is huge, they had to make it bigger so that it could kill a Thugumimus.
Speaker 3
Because, you know, span of swords a week, you know?
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 2
They're just lazy fish eaters.
Speaker 3
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
Predators, The Pisco Wars.
Speaker 1
Oh, I guess it does.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 2
No, that's how people talk about that.
Speaker 1
It does not have ears, you're right.
No ears.
And it's skull does seem to end right behind the eyes.
So it's like a short skull, huh?
Yeah.
Speaker 2
No, it's so weird.
Speaker 1
Yeah, it's like lacking all of that post orbital, like post orbital bones back there.
That's weird.
Speaker 2
I don't know what they did to it.
Speaker 1
But.
Speaker 2
Send that one back to the lab, yeah.
Speaker 1
I didn't notice that.
I'd still be cool if we got got 1 though.
I do like the way that it loads, yeah.
Speaker 3
Yeah, and then you can make the movie stop them, can't you?
Yeah.
Speaker 1
I did not notice that at the very least it has the correct arms though the.
Speaker 2
Current the current.
Speaker 1
Evolution 3 ones they don't.
They have like traditional theropod arms being held in front of their body.
When in reality, of course, their arms are just weird.
Speaker 3
Tiny.
Speaker 2
Most notably, they have elbows.
Well, who gave him his elbows back?
Speaker 3
Evolution.
Speaker 1
To be fair, Majungasaurus does have elbows, it's just they're not really noticeable.
Speaker 3
No.
Speaker 2
Oh, does it hold?
Speaker 3
On isn't like Carnotaurus.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, they're just.
Speaker 3
Like wild sockets?
Speaker 1
They're just, yeah, they're very reduced on a Bellosaurus, really, but their elbows are still presents.
Presents present.
Speaker 3
I like presents.
Speaker 1
I like presents too.
Speaker 2
It does have a bit of a bend and it's.
Yeah.
OK.
Yeah.
Again, just that's interesting.
Speaker 1
Not really noticeable elbows, you know, like to the point where it's like if you're looking at them from the outside, you'd think that they don't have elbows at all.
Speaker 2
Oh do you want that?
Because the the elbows it's it's mostly just like the the 2 bones that met at the elbow and it looks like they fused together.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Kind of that's, yeah.
They're just kind of like a small bend.
Speaker 1
Yeah, they're just weird animals.
I swear and sorry.
Speaker 2
Sorry to hate on your favorite group of animals.
Biology.
Speaker 1
Oh, no.
Weird, Weird.
And paleontology is a good thing.
I call my favorite dinosaurs Spinosaurus.
Weird all the time because it's awesome.
It is weird.
Yeah, it is.
Yeah, exactly this.
Speaker 3
Amphibian I'll.
Wishing for Mastodonsaurus and Unique Crocodiliforms in Games
Still never understand why this image of the amphibian you sent to me biology.
So many people were telling me that it was a diplocolis when they saw it in the movie that was like that was definitely not.
Speaker 3
The closest thing it looks to is Actor Stadia.
Yeah, I mean, all I want is a giant amphibian in this game.
At some point, everyone's like, oh, crocodiles, so I want a giant amphibian.
That's so.
Speaker 1
Much cooler.
I want one of those like huge amphibians that like acted like crocodiles way back in the Triassic.
That's something I would like to see.
Speaker 3
You know, think how long did the Arctic species last fall?
Was that like not Jurassic period?
It was still kicking.
Speaker 1
There were some.
There were still some hefty ones that existed throughout throughout the rest of the Mesozoic for a time.
Speaker 3
Well, no, we we need a giant bite amphibian.
I think it'd be cool to see forget.
Speaker 1
What was that that one that they were telling us about when we were streaming the one time biology?
Speaker 3
Oh, the one's a really weird name.
Speaker 1
The Yeah, like the the huge one.
Speaker 3
And we couldn't believe the size of it.
I can't remember one second.
Speaker 1
It was like Mastodon or something.
Mastodonosaurus, Yeah.
Speaker 3
No, yeah, that was it.
Yeah.
Because you were like what?
Speaker 1
This guy's huge.
This guy was freaking huge.
Speaker 2
Oh my God.
Speaker 3
That's just.
Speaker 2
What in the war?
How have I never heard of this thing?
Speaker 3
It feels like you should know it when you hear the name.
That's what we're saying.
What place was it?
Talosaur.
At the time it was like, what?
Speaker 1
See, forget Dinosaurus, I want Mastodonsaurus.
That's.
Speaker 2
What I want?
Speaker 3
It's not I remember going through the I remember actually going through the pale yard.
Now is that like, this is sick like.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I'd like some of that.
That would be awesome.
Don't, don't give me nothing else.
I don't want crocodiliforms or nothing, just amphibians.
Speaker 3
I mean technically the ODR.
Speaker 2
Is rashed.
Speaker 1
No, I'll take, I'll still take crocodiliforms, OK.
Speaker 3
Yeah, Dan, Dan Sukus, yeah.
Speaker 1
Dan Sukus sarcosukus no armadillosukus.
Speaker 3
You know me enough in ARC.
Speaker 1
Do you want to?
Speaker 3
Need a breaking free fences?
Speaker 1
Do you want Armadillosukus though?
Speaker 3
Yes, Armadillosukus size, the prime form of crocodile morph right there.
That like evolution should have not let that finger extinct.
That should be how crocodiles should look today.
It looked like the kind of animal you'd have as a like a, like a, like a status pet.
Speaker 1
Yeah, right.
I mean.
Speaker 2
This looks like this looks like one of the hybrids in like Jurassic World Alive when you're like 3 hybrids deep and you're still mixing the DNA.
Speaker 3
It's just a.
Speaker 2
Hybrid of a hybrid of a hybrid.
Speaker 3
It's such a cool animal.
It's not very big.
It definitely be like, you know, you sort of like Jack Russell, the crocodile world, but you know.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 3
I just, I love it.
It's everyone's like, oh, you're my favorite pretty story.
Crocodile is Sakasukas, Mine's dadasukas, mine's kappasukas, mine's Almodilosukas.
Speaker 1
Saimosukas for me.
Speaker 3
Oh yeah, little Simo is look permanent smile.
Yeah, the acts are all of the crocodile world.
Speaker 2
I don't know if I I have a favorite crocodilium.
I mean, I, I live with her crocodile format, or I should say, I mean, I guess I'll say American alligators because they're native to my area.
Speaker 1
American alligators.
Speaker 2
Are all the time.
Speaker 1
Awesome, modern day they are.
Speaker 3
Modern day ones would have to be the Cuban crocodile for me.
Speaker 1
That's a good one.
Speaker 2
Those are good.
It's.
Speaker 3
So adorable.
Till it's banging your leg, yeah.
Speaker 1
Because you couldn't.
Speaker 3
Run away from it because it was.
Speaker 1
Just too dumb fat.
Speaker 3
Oh yeah, if I could have one, I was a pet.
I would do.
I remember when my dad was originally was going to get Cayman as pets, so my stepmom stopped the idea.
I was like, out of a pet Cayman.
This.
That'd be something.
Crazy creatures.
Speaker 2
Human crocodile is so cool.
I I wish it wasn't like critically endangered.
Oh yeah, because it's it's such a cool animal.
Like, hold on, like look at this one.
Like this came off of just Wikipedia.
Look at its look at like the the crests behind its eyes.
Almost.
Speaker 3
It's it's basically like the the modern day representation of of.
Speaker 1
Caprasukas.
Speaker 3
Yeah, Caprasukas.
No, it's crazy on the Crest, but still close enough.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 3
The way you have you seen a video of them run?
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Oh yeah, absolutely.
Speaker 3
Brilliant creatures.
Speaker 2
That's like the coolest thing about them because they're they're semi splayed.
Speaker 1
And they they gallop.
Speaker 3
I want want my zoo to get one of these well not one but you know breeding pair and start breeding program for them but.
Speaker 2
Yeah, that'd be cool.
First appear in the fossil record 2.8 million years ago.
Very interesting.
Didn't know that they're established.
Speaker 3
Going back to rebirth and all need for giant amphibians and crocodiles, which I feel like every list that you see when you go like, oh, you know when they do like YouTube videos of what creatures they want.
I know there's a lot of people have the hell frog the.
Speaker 1
Beales above all.
Speaker 3
Why can I not think today?
Jesus.
Yeah.
Belize.
Yeah.
Everyone says that like, because it's not even that big.
Yeah, it'd be pretty soft.
People complain about compies being in the game.
It's like, Oh dear.
So you won't see it.
Speaker 2
It's I think it got downsized recently, or at least not too long ago as well.
Speaker 1
Yeah, like it's it's still big by toad standards, but it's like, I think people get misled by the whole idea of like, oh, this frog used to eat or toad used to eat dinosaurs.
It's they, you know, they just don't tell the fact that the baby dinosaurs of already small dinosaurs, right?
Speaker 3
I also feel like Ark doesn't give them the best representation.
Speaker 2
Oh yeah, that's true.
Speaker 3
Yeah, because like, you know, you see the rider this is.
Yeah, I, I I need people to stop saying they won't be usable for and dress it.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I can tell you that people wouldn't be happy with it actually being being you.
Speaker 3
Know people would be so angry when they realize how big this thing is.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, I don't think it would go over well.
Like I could barely even build this giant ass enclosure.
It's like I could barely even see it.
It's just.
Speaker 2
Hopping around down there.
I'm trying to Did I?
Did I ever tell you guys what I called this thing when I was younger?
Speaker 1
No, that's that.
Speaker 2
Cool.
OK, so when I was younger, maybe around middle school or is around when Ark Survival Evolved came out and of course being I was too.
Yeah, middle school I was like, I was in high school though.
Yeah, 6th, 7th grade I I'm obviously being a Dino kid.
I had to get the game and eventually, you know, 'cause like they had like split screen then.
So I'd have one of my siblings play with me and my sister loved this animal, but neither one of us could pronounce its name.
So instead we called, we just called it what we thought it looked like the most and it was beetle Buffalo.
Beetle Buffalo called it the beetle beetle Buffalo.
Speaker 3
I love it.
Speaker 1
That's beautiful.
I love that beetle Buffalo.
Speaker 2
Which?
Speaker 3
It's.
Speaker 2
Neither of those are what it is, obviously.
Or like, I don't know what to what else to say.
I I can't pronounce that.
Speaker 1
That's awesome, I love that.
Speaker 2
Like I'm dyslexic already.
So like I I was cooked.
Oh.
Speaker 1
Shoot.
Speaker 3
Oh man.
Speaker 2
I wonder cuz like I'm if they do D Rex I can't wait cuz like for like the mods and stuff like that cuz like we're getting some really cool mods already.
I don't know if you guys have seen that.
Yeah, already repeated them.
But yeah, there was a mod that like edited the models of some of the animals like the the baryonics and the Giga to make them more accurate.
And dude, they're gorgeous.
Yeah, they're so pretty.
Speaker 1
Yeah, those are my favorite ones.
Well.
Speaker 3
They're doing really well, aren't they?
Speaker 2
But yeah, they're always great.
Speaker 3
You know, you know, I'm just looking now bees are so I'll I'm sorry and change your back again.
Well, like the glyph frog is the biggest frog living today, you know.
Speaker 2
Yeah, right.
Speaker 3
It's not much different from the bees of Buffalo.
Speaker 2
Oh God, that's what we're going to call it now.
Speaker 3
Yeah, the bees are both.
Speaker 2
Oh wow, this thing's big too.
Oh my God.
Speaker 3
That's living today.
There's not much difference in it at all.
Speaker 2
Oh, he's yeah, that's.
Speaker 3
2cm sorry.
Yeah, look.
Speaker 2
Look, look at this dude.
This is coming from the Smithsonian.
Speaker 1
Oh, there it is.
Oh, that's a.
Speaker 2
A big old frog.
Speaker 3
Yeah, like.
Speaker 2
That's a big boy.
Speaker 3
His legs are stretched out.
It's 80 centimeters, which is 31 inches in length.
Speaker 2
Wow.
Speaker 1
Yeah, that's most likely comparable in size to Beelzebub full.
I don't know the current estimates, but yeah, and.
Speaker 3
Early reconstruction of this could reach 42 centimeters.
Speaker 1
22.
Speaker 3
16 in.
It's pretty big to vent.
Speaker 1
Pretty big.
Speaker 2
Yeah, yeah, it's.
Speaker 3
Yeah, it's not much bigger.
Speaker 2
Question yeah.
Is there actual fossil evidence for it having like like a horn or a Crest or is that just something people add because of the name I?
Speaker 3
Think a lot of people make it look like the horn frog, Yeah.
Speaker 1
That's why I.
Speaker 3
Was picked this hunting style.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Speaker 3
But I don't think we do bezel buffo.
Speaker 1
Doesn't look like it from what I could see from the actual bones, right?
Speaker 2
Because that's something I've noticed about a lot of depictions of it.
Yeah, Like these?
Speaker 3
Can't really tell.
Everything I'm looking at, it doesn't have anything like that.
Doesn't even have like the.
Oh actually, is that an intent?
I don't think he has any indent on it.
Speaker 2
Man, huh.
What a funky little dude.
Oh well, big dude.
Critiquing Dominion and Imagining New Jurassic Storylines
Yeah, big for a frog man then.
Oh man, I wonder if we'll ever get the locust.
Not that I want the locust.
Speaker 3
But.
Speaker 2
I wonder if we'll ever get shut up.
Speaker 1
I hope not.
Speaker 3
It'd be kind of cool.
It's like a natural disaster event.
So like if you know, like how it's like the the Tornadoes and stuff, Can you imagine if it was like locusts coming in and then all the herbivores have like a massive health decrease because they can't eat for a while because they've all come and eating all the food.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I could see how it could be.
Speaker 2
Used.
Speaker 1
But.
Speaker 3
That'll be kind of cool.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 3
Frustrating for anyone that plays challenge mode and campaign for like a very embarrassing prehistoric insects coming to eat up all your herbal food.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, absolutely.
Speaker 3
Kind of want that now.
Speaker 2
I always speaking Speaking of the locust, I love how at the end of Dominion when Wu releases like the 1 locust that will eventually lead to like all of them just like disappearing.
I love that it's just one of them.
Like that's like they're going to be there.
There's at least going to be a a few more generations of those things, just to be clear.
Speaker 1
It's like, don't you want to increase your odds a little bit here?
Woo old buddy, old pal.
Speaker 3
And he's got a lot of faith in that one.
You see that that wall fly off into a distance into a bug zapper did nothing.
Speaker 2
Like, well, that cost us $2,000,000.
Now we've got to make another one.
Speaker 3
Oh man, yeah, it'd be quite amusing to be on.
So yeah, there's what do you call it?
And they started writing up for the new Jurassic World film.
Speaker 1
They have, haven't they?
Speaker 3
Yeah, and then also we're getting a primitive War 2.
Speaker 1
Yes, I was going to bring that up as well.
Speaker 2
We are getting that.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 1
Finally, I'm happy about that because it didn't do too well financially because of the limited release.
I'm hoping that this time, I'm hoping that the reason why it got greenlit is because they realized all the hype that surrounded it and they're like, OK, maybe if we give this up thing a proper budget, maybe if we put it in more theatres, we'll do better this time around.
Speaker 3
Yeah, I think it was a battle for him to get into a lot of theatres, wasn't it?
Yeah.
And I wonder, obviously this time people realize it's pretty popular in terms of it's got enough to really be like an actual film.
Because he did it all privately, didn't he 'cause he don't get the funding from the actual studios for it?
Speaker 1
Yeah, it was had to jump through a lot of a lot of hoops to get it out as as far as it did.
Like, you know, there's a lot of people who were complaining about how it was a limited release and yeah, that was really unfortunate.
It was only showing in one theater near me that was half an hour away, and it only had like 2 show times a day for two days.
So it was very hard to see this film.
And obviously Biology still hasn't seen it.
Have you seen it, Lakota?
Yeah.
Speaker 2
I've seen it, I watched it in VR with friends.
Speaker 1
OK, Yeah.
So Lakota's seen it.
Biology still has not seen it and.
Speaker 3
You can buy it now in the UK though.
So that's that's what I need to do in Payday.
Speaker 1
Yeah, you got to do that before the sequel comes out in 2027.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Well, there's plenty of time there.
Yeah.
I want to get this year.
I want to get this.
I'm thinking it's all expensive really either probably.
I mean, I kind of want the, I kind of want the DVD though.
Like I'm kind of old school.
I don't like really buying digital stuff.
I like having acd of it.
Yeah, and I get that I need to go to Tao because I've heard that H&V is selling copies of AUK listener.
Speaker 1
Hey, yeah.
Physical copies, they're the way they go, I'm telling you.
Yeah.
Speaker 2
By the way, this might be a hot take.
I don't want another Jurassic movie.
I'm sorry, I really don't.
I really don't.
Speaker 1
I thought you liked.
Speaker 2
Reavers.
Look, look, look.
I I did, but I also.
Speaker 3
Learned so much from it.
Speaker 1
Yeah, they clearly state that Mosasaurs and Quetzalcoatlis are dinosaurs.
Clearly.
Speaker 3
And Spinosaurus worked with Mosasaurus to get their food.
Speaker 1
Yes, and Spinosaurus was a very good diver.
Speaker 3
Yeah, and it's very plausible, especially with today when you see dolphins and orcas working together.
So why can Spinosaurus and Mosasaurus, Hoff and I not work?
Speaker 1
Together.
Yeah, yeah, and yeah, T Rex had a didn't.
Speaker 3
Have a powerful bite.
Speaker 1
Yeah, no, it didn't have a powerful bite there.
Speaker 3
Yeah, no, yeah, no, yeah.
So it quite likely was a scavenger as it was scavenging from the dead parasol that clearly that Dilophosaurus suffering from dwarfism and taken out itself.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Trying to lower my blood pressure, you guys are not helping.
Speaker 3
Really good Cliff side scaler and probably nested on Cliff side rather than flat mud banks.
Speaker 1
Yes, yes.
Speaker 3
Yes.
Speaker 2
Anyway, to my point, while I while I do think Rebirth had its moments and there were a lot of things about it that I did really enjoy, I think that what they did with the plot just before the movie begins kind of ruins the the whole thing going forward for the franchise.
And what we've heard from the director himself of like being like people find dinosaurs boring.
That's also just very concerning with how this franchise is going to go moving forward and if that's the kind of ideas that they're moving forward with.
I don't think this is a franchise that's going to be seen as like dinosaur media for much longer.
It's going to be media that has occasional dinosaurs in it, but the main focus is going to be some genetic monstrosity, and that's just a Kaiju movie at that.
Speaker 3
That's the issue of Universal.
They don't know what to do in.
They don't know how to listen to the fanbase.
Yeah, like, I don't know, even like the writers knew what they were doing because you think about it, it was just like, oh, they even say they didn't know what to do with it and how to do it.
And killing off all the dinosaurs that only live in tropical equators.
It's just this dumb considering most of the species that they were picking that they're in the franchise so even come from tropical zones like that could have more very much likely survived in the globe.
You see a group of apatosauruses just chilling in the snow like it was no biggie and they were waiting for summer.
Speaker 1
Yeah, no.
Speaker 3
It was dumb.
Speaker 1
I certainly agree with that.
They've one of the biggest complaints of the Jurassic franchise beforehand was had, you know, eventually going back to the islands is going to get stale because you have to come up with new reasons to get them there.
They were even having that issue with Jurassic Park 3.
How do we get Alan Grant back to the island?
Oh, just knock him out.
You know, let's kidnap him.
Yeah.
Basically, you know, they were running into that problem.
Dominion solved that problem.
Dinosaurs are everywhere.
Take advantage of that.
Speaker 3
There's so many horror opportunities you could think of.
Like in my head I kind of made my own story, which I would have loved to see sweet, similar.
And it was kind of borrowing on the vibe of that girl from Primeval who had that pet Saber tooth Tiger name for it.
Saber tooth tiger cuz it's a tiger.
Speaker 1
Yeah, it's a tiger.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
Speaker 2
Yeah, yeah.
Hey, yeah, actually, yeah, I can't.
Speaker 3
Remember I was winding up about that the other day.
I was finding sort of about Saber tooth that was a.
Speaker 2
Lion.
Speaker 3
No, it's a Saber tooth Jaguar.
Speaker 1
Here I was thinking it was a cheetah.
Speaker 3
So I could I could imagine in cheetah Jesus completely opposite style.
Speaker 1
Not even in the same genius, just cheetah.
No, I mean, obviously lions and tigers aren't either, but whatever, I digress.
Speaker 3
But I was like, like you could do something similar on the basis of that where like some guy in my head, it was like in the UK, it was in the Lake District.
Some guy found a Baryonics baby, reared it up and then it was just started killing the locals and then returned to the house like every night because it just lives there and it knows, you know, it didn't hurt the owner because you knew the owner would look after it and then it would slowly come into like a police investigation.
What's killing all these people?
Like I'm pretty sure I can't remember because it got rid of the websites now for some reason, but I can't remember if there's any dinosaurs found in Britain.
I'm.
Speaker 1
Pretty sure there was some I'm sure.
Speaker 3
Yeah, but you like, in a sense to be a rare because an island like ours, it's quite hard to hide.
So it'd be quite quickly.
I mean, there is like the big cats at the Lake District that keeps applauding people, which obviously has escaped from some private collection.
But yeah, I thought it'd be kind of a cool Horror Story.
Can imagine, like foot like almost like a group of like teenagers or something trying to solve this with the police or whatever because they're involved in it, because a friend was eaten, you know, you could do a lot of things basically.
Yeah, that's just one like horror aspects I gave in mind.
Speaker 1
Yeah, there was difference.
Speaker 2
That's just chaos theory, yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah, Chaos Theory did well with that for for a bit, see, because, I mean, I don't know, Tropic tropical islands, they're fine.
They're, you know, they're fine, but they get boring after a while.
And it seems like, if I were to wager a guess, we're going to be going back to Isle Saint Hubert in future stories.
So we're going to be seeing more of like the D Rex and the Mutedons.
And of course, this has been deemed mutant island.
So all of those creatures are going to be the way that they are.
It just gets a little bit boring after a while.
And like when when you had dinosaurs all over the place, you had different settings that are pleasing to the eye and just different.
So you can have some set in Japan, the Rocky Mountain, deserts, snow areas, there was there was a lot of options there, but now they've just kind of written themselves into that setting corner again.
And this time, and it was unavoidable this time, which makes it even.
Speaker 3
Worse, but they forced his hand.
Speaker 1
It was, it was, it was all avoidable.
Like you didn't have to say dinosaurs die because oxygen.
Speaker 3
It still doesn't make sense.
Maybe a bracket source and the Alps might struggle a little bit, but.
Speaker 1
Yeah, some settings were not ideal for them, but, and I understand that there's a whole universe thing that they were all bred for a tropical environment because it's all genetics, but it's like, I don't care.
It's a movie.
Why do people pick and choose what they want to be accurate and make sense and what they don't?
When you talk about dinosaur accuracy, they're always like, Oh yeah, don't worry, they're just monsters that look like dinosaurs.
But then when it comes to like environments that they lived in, that's when people care about what makes sense, really.
Speaker 3
Yeah.
But the issue of that, that was only for the ones from Jurassic World.
That's not all the ones that Biasing created and was releasing out here and there.
That's true over company that went out making them.
Yeah, only works for the Jurassic World.
That's that's.
Speaker 1
True, I didn't even.
I hadn't even considered that.
Speaker 3
And that's even end of it.
It truly does work for tropical because some tropical climbers do have cold moments.
Speaker 1
Right.
Yeah, yeah, I.
Speaker 2
Mean Even desperate climates can get like snow and stuff like that so.
Speaker 3
That's the most weirdest thing for me.
Like when you stand out on the sand like it was baking hot during the day and you wake up in the morning, stand on the sand and you hear it cracks.
It's all frozen.
You're like was sweating yesterday.
Like what's going on?
Speaker 2
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 1
Oh, no, I agree with you, Lakota.
I think that they, I think that was a bad decision on their part to to certain like, you know, paint themselves into a corner again, especially considering the fact that they did not have to do that at all.
It's not like the story called for that.
You know, Dominion set things up very nicely.
Well, technically Fallen Kingdom set things up very nicely to the to where you could just have whatever story you wanted to tell.
It could be like an anthology series going forward.
Jurassic World You know, the world is now Jurassic and.
Speaker 2
And like to go back to it as well.
The franchise is doing fine without the movies.
We're getting shows, video games like Evolution 3's probably got another good three to four years on it, maybe 5.
We're getting Jurassic Park Survival.
There's probably going to be another like animated show if I had to put money on it.
Speaker 3
There's another game on the works that hasn't been talked about yet.
You know, I really want, I want Jurassic World Warpath.
Like, you know, Warpath.
Jurassic Park was so good on PlayStation.
I don't I don't know if you guys have ever had a chance to play it.
No, but it's just like it was like Tekken but dinosaurs.
Yeah, I'd love that.
I'd love a modern remake of that or like just a brand new or like said, like Jurassic World War Path.
Yeah, that'd be so good that.
Speaker 1
'D be awesome.
Speaker 3
Jurassic World Lego 2.
Yeah, that's the game Lego Dream of 1.
Speaker 1
Oh yeah, I would love that.
Dinosaur Sanctuary Vote, New Logo, and Host Break
Maybe more books?
Speaker 2
Jurassic World alive.
Jurassic World the game.
Speaker 3
Yeah, you get a little mobile games, don't you?
Speaker 2
Yeah.
Speaker 1
Yeah.
Well, I certainly do agree with you on that then.
That is fair, yeah.
Speaker 3
I mean, I always say about them, I really want a live action TV show that's like Secret Life of the Zoo, but in the working Jurassic World.
Like I would love that you could make it so it was like an in like the the what you're watching is ATV show in that world rather than you just.
Speaker 1
Dinosaur Sanctuary.
Speaker 3
Yeah, that's.
Speaker 2
Yeah.
By the way, Speaking of that, the voting closes on Dinosaur Sanctuary January 30th.
I will let you guys know when the results come out.
Five days.
Yeah, in about 5 days now.
Hey, fingers crossed.
I think it's going to, it's going to get up there.
It's going to be up there.
I, I'm pretty confident about that.
Yeah.
So apparently my, my video on it did really well and I had a lot of people tell me that they had voted.
So, you know, Yep, I'm pretty confident.
Speaker 1
I hope so.
I would love to see that so we are over time if we have no other things to add to the discussion.
Speaker 2
Did you want to mention your new logo?
Speaker 1
Oh yeah, my wife did a new logo one where the yeah, one where the snout doesn't overlap with the sales.
So now there's no reason for people to say, oh, I thought it was a pro Surratti stories.
I thought it was a Monolithosaurus.
I thought it was a Dilophosaurus.
That never really bugged me, honestly, but it bugged my wife.
Honestly, it never bugged me.
It's like as long as people think that it's a dinosaur, but it bugged her so she wanted to make a new one.
Speaker 3
It looks great.
Speaker 1
Yeah, yeah, I like it.
I like.
Speaker 2
It you haven't changed it on discord.
Speaker 1
Yeah, I did.
I did.
I can't see it on here, but yeah, I did.
I did.
Speaker 2
Do that I mean.
Speaker 3
Are you sure?
Speaker 2
You didn't change it on discord.
Speaker 3
They haven't.
Oh, I didn't.
Speaker 2
It's the same thing.
It's.
Speaker 1
The same 10 I could have saw one I did never mind.
Oh my.
Speaker 3
God, it's.
Speaker 2
A what?
Speaker 3
Is it you can't see?
Speaker 2
It change it on YouTube.
Speaker 1
No, I was testing it out first on TikTok and then transition over to YouTube.
Speaker 2
For that, actually, since we're at the end here, there's probably a good time to say hello.
If you're any of my viewers, I'm disappearing from the Internet for like a week or so because life taking a break, but you can expect me here still.
Speaker 1
Hello.
Yeah.
So yeah, we'll go ahead and call it good right there.
Thank you everybody for watching and listening and we will see you later.
Speaker 3
CLS.
Speaker 2
Beast.
Podcast Summary
Key Points:
A new study indicates Tyrannosaurus rex had a slower growth rate than previously thought, continuing to grow until around age 40, which suggests few individuals reached full maturity.
The slow growth supports the theory that Nanotyrannus is a distinct species, as juvenile T. rex may have occupied different ecological niches, reducing direct competition.
Debate continues on whether multiple T. rex species existed, with arguments citing minor skeletal differences and growth variations, though evidence remains inconclusive.
Research on a Cambrian vertebrate, *Saccambaspis*, reveals it had four eyes, a trait lost in later evolution, highlighting early visual adaptation.
The ancient organism *Prototaxites*, an 8-meter-tall life form from early land ecosystems, is identified as a unique eukaryote, distinct from plants, fungi, or animals.
Summary:
A recent paleontological study reveals that Tyrannosaurus rex had a remarkably slow growth rate, continuing to develop until approximately 40 years old. This finding implies that few individuals survived to reach full maturity, altering previous lifespan estimates. The research also lends support to the validity of Nanotyrannus as a separate species, suggesting juvenile T.
rex occupied different ecological niches, potentially reducing competition. However, the debate over multiple T. rex species remains unresolved, with some researchers pointing to minor morphological differences, though these claims lack definitive evidence.
In other discoveries, analysis of the Cambrian vertebrate *Saccambaspis* shows it possessed four eyes, an evolutionary trait lost in later vertebrates, offering insights into early visual systems. Additionally, the ancient organism *Prototaxites*, a giant 8-meter-tall structure from early terrestrial ecosystems, has been identified as a unique form of eukaryotic life, distinct from known kingdoms like plants or fungi.
FAQs
The study found that T. rex had a very slow growth rate that continued until around age 40, meaning few individuals likely reached full maturity due to the long survival period required.
The slow growth aligns T. rex more closely with other large theropods like Carcharodontosaurus, which could live into their 50s, suggesting similar longevity patterns.
The slow growth indicates juvenile T. rex may have occupied different ecological niches, potentially competing with Nanotyrannus for similar prey, offering insights into their interactions.
Some researchers suggest there could be multiple T. rex species, but evidence like tooth count or minor skeletal differences is currently insufficient to confirm this definitively.
Early vertebrates from the Cambrian period had four eyes, a feature lost over evolution, possibly because two eyes proved equally effective for survival.
Prototaxites is an ancient, giant life form reaching up to 8 meters tall, representing a unique eukaryotic kingdom distinct from plants, fungi, or animals.
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