Searching for life on another planet

Pibisi podcast on suurin järjestelmä. Ilin leitviäkkä. Korua kaupoista. Ion elketvuotta. 6. English. Hello, this is 6-minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Becca. Neil, do you believe that life exists away from planet Earth? Well, I'm not sure about the kind of little green men that you see in science fiction movies, but also, I think, we cannot be alone in the universe. What about you, Becca? What do you think? I agree. I think that maybe life does exist beyond our planet, but maybe not as we see in alien movies. Well, in this episode, we'll be learning from science and space experts about whether the conditions for life exist on a planet 40 light years away. Yes, and as usual, you can find a transcript for this episode, along with all the vocabulary and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. Okay, a quiz question for you, Becca. How long would it take to drive a car to the sun, at 100 kilometres an hour? Is it a 70 years, b 170 years, or c 1700 years? Well, Neil, the sun seems very far away, so I'll go for c 1700 years. I hope you have enough petrol for that. Well, we'll find out the answer to the question later. Now though, some science and space experts are excited about a planet in a different solar system from our own. Science journalist Caroline Steele talks about this discovery on the BBC World Service Program "What in the World". So scientists have been looking at an exoplanet, so that's a planet that exists in a solar system that is in our own, called Trappist 1e. And it's a rocky planet, like Earth. It's a similar size to Earth. And it exists in the habitable zone around its sun. And its sun is called Trappist 1. Caroline explains that scientists have discovered that the planet Trappist 1e exists in the habitable zone around its sun. The adjective habitable describes a place or habitat that is suitable for something to live. Yes, and a zone is an area with a particular feature. For example, people who live in earthquake zones have to be prepared for danger. So a habitable zone is an area where something could live. Caroline goes on to explain why they think Trappist 1e may be habitable. Scientists have been looking at the potential atmosphere around Trappist 1e and they've ruled out that it's really full of hydrogen or carbon dioxide, which is a great thing because they're greenhouse gases, which would make the planet really hot. And there are some small clues that it might be a nitrogen-dominated atmosphere, which again is another sort of clue that there could be life there. Caroline Steele says that scientists are looking at the potential atmosphere around Trappist 1e. That is, they want to find out if the atmosphere is capable or likely to become able to host life. If something has potential, it already has the qualities or abilities to do something. The adjective potential has a similar meaning, but refers to future capability. Exactly. We could say the data has potential in that it shows signs of helping the research. But when we talk about potential data, we're referring to data that could help us with future research. She also mentions how scientists have ruled out that Trappist 1e is full of hydrogen or carbon dioxide. The phrasal verb "rule out" means to dismiss the possibility or idea of something. Scientists have found that Trappist 1e is not full of those greenhouse gases, they've ruled it out. Indeed, and Caroline goes on to say how the atmosphere of Trappist 1e is dominated by nitrogen. If something is dominated by something else, it is controlled by it or is the most significant element of it. Trappist 1e is full of nitrogen, which is exciting because nitrogen is a sign of life and habitability. So what if nitrogen is actually found on this planet? Caroline Steele has more. My guess is what we'll do is try and see what other gases are in the atmosphere and use models to work out how warm the planet could be and whether or not it's a temperature that basically could support life or maybe it's too hot or too cold. But fingers crossed that has nitrogen, there's enough of it to keep the planet a decent temperature. And then that's one step closer to finding life. Caroline guesses that scientists will focus on the planet's temperature and whether it could support life. She uses the expression "fingers crossed" to express hope for a positive outcome. Yes, we often make the physical gesture of crossing our fingers for good luck. That reminds me, Neil, the answer to your question. Fingers crossed that I answered correctly. Now see what you've done there, Becca. Yes, I asked you how long it would take to drive to the sun at 100 kilometres an hour and you answered "c1700 years". Well, the sun is very far away, but the answer was "b", only 170 years. Oh well, that's still longer than my lifetime. Now let's have a recap of the language we've learnt in this episode, starting with "habitable", which describes a place or habitat that is suitable for something to live. A zone is an area with a particular feature. Potential describes having possible qualities or abilities to do something. The phrase "ruel out" means to dismiss the possibility or idea of something. We also had "dominated". And finally, the expression of fingers crossed is used to wish for hope or luck. Once again, our six minutes are up, but head over to our website, www.bbclearningenglish.com for a quiz and worksheet for this episode. See you soon. Goodbye for now. Bye! [Muuttu]