Pediatrics: Comprehensive Review (Ep 14)

Hello everyone, welcome to Physician Assistant in a Flash, the Flash Card Style podcast to get you ready for your clinical medicine exam, end of rotation exams, pants or panry. By now you should know all of the content and you're ready to start actively recalling the information that you need to pass your exams. Join me if you are ready to become a Physician Assistant in a Flash. If you've been following along with me, you know that we've been covering pediatrics this unit and we've gone through the entire PAEA topic list for the Pediatrics End of Routation Exam. Now I want to put all of that information together into one podcast we're going to do about 50 questions to review all things pediatrics. So I hope you're ready because it's time to get started. Carvo virus B19 is known to cause which viral childhood exam. Eritema infectiosis which is fifths disease. What is the most common site for a foreign body aspiration to be lodged in the respiratory tract? The right main bronchus. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? Hashimoto thyroiditis. What type of allergic reaction causes erdicaria? It is an IgE reaction which is a type 1 allergic reaction. Which pediatric age group is at highest risk for tuberculosis? Children up to age 4. In children under 4, a PPD with End duration less than 10 millimeters is positive. What is the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus? Domethousin will close the duct. If you want to keep it open, use prostaglandin E. You want to keep it open if the child is cyanotic. Which developmental reflexes should be present at birth in full-term newborns? The mora reflex, rooting reflex, and pulmonary grasp reflex. There are a few others, but these are the big ones. How is sickle cell disease diagnosed? Hemoglobin electrophoresis, which is part of the newborn screening in all 50 states. Describe hyaline membrane disease. This is an infant or neonatal respiratory distress, common in pre-term babies who have not yet developed surfactant from the type 2 alveolar cells. An 18-month-old girl had a fever for 3 days, followed by a maculopapular rash on the trunk. What is the most likely diagnosis? Rosial infintim, which is caused by human herpes virus 6 or human herpes virus 7. What is the best treatment for a child with rickets? Calcitriol. This patient has a vitamin D deficiency, and that can also progress to phosphate and calcium deficiencies as well. Which condition is caused by a rupture of the physis at the tibial tuberosity? Osgood schlotter. What is the difference between Steven's Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolisus? Steven's Johnson syndrome involves less than 10% of body surface area, and toxic epidermal necrolisus involves 30% of the body surface area. What is human herpes virus 4? Epstein-bar virus is HHV4. The heart murmur of a ventricular septal defect is a harsh cystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border. When should a child double their birth weight? By 6 months old. What is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa? Restrictive eating with greater than 25% loss in body weight or a BMI less than 17.5. What type of hernia develops lateral to the epigastric vessels? An indirect inguinal hernia. What is the leading cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children? Kawasaki disease. Tripod posture and a thumbprint sign on x-ray should make you think of which diagnosis. Epiglottitis. A peripheral smear shows normocytic hypochromic anemia and basophilic stippling. An x-ray shows hyperdense lines at the metaphysis of the right wrist. Lead poisoning, which is plomism. Which types of burns are non-blanching and non-painful? Deep partial thickness burns, which is a second degree burn and full thickness burns, which are third degree burns, are non-blanching and non-painful. First degree burns and partial thickness burns are blanching and painful. Which torch infection is most likely to cause deafness? Cytomegalovirus. What is the recommended diet for patients with cystic fibrosis? Increase fat soluble vitamins, high fat diet, and supplement with pancreatic enzymes. Which condition causing jaundice is associated with a deficiency of yourdean, diphosphate, gluteuronousyl transferase? Gilbert syndrome. High unconjugated bilirubin causes intermittent scleral ectrace. There are no long-term effects, so no treatment is necessary. Which medications are used first line to treat absente seizures? Ethosuxamide or Valparoate? Describe Tanner Stage 3 for boys and girls. In boys, the penis will lengthen to about 6 centimeters. This happens around age 11-12. For girls, there is no contour separation between the aereola and breast. And pubic hair will begin to spread over the mons pubis. This occurs in adolescents or early adulthood. Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of which diagnosis. Cytomegalovirus. Which is human herpes virus 5. A three-day-old girl has billiast vomiting and failure to pass meconium. The rectal vault is empty. Hershbrung disease. What is the first line treatment for variegate? Salicylic acid or cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen? What is the genotype for a patient with turner syndrome? 45x. An infant presents with retinal hemorrhages. What is highest on the differential? Child abuse such as shaken baby syndrome. What is Samters triad? Nasal polyps, aspirin sensitivity and asthma. Which airway structures are affected by para-influenza virus? The trachea and larynx. What are the four components of tetralogy of FOLO? Pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and a ventricular septal defect. What is the average head circumference of a newborn? 35 centimeters. It should grow 1 centimeter per month for the first 12 months. What is the typical presentation of osteosarcoma? Localized pain and swelling at the distal region of a long bone. It will show a sunburst pattern on x-ray. Which pathogens are most likely to cause bacterial conjunctivitis? Staff aureus or pseudomonas? What should be the first step in management of inter-susception? A barium enema. Which topical vasoconstrictor should be used first line for anterior epistaxis? Oxymetazoline. What is the diagnostic workup for vesico-yuratoral reflux? A voiding cystoyurithrogram. Which viral exam them is most likely to cause a febrile seizure? Rosialinfinthum. Which is caused by human herpes virus 6 or human herpes virus 7? What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children? Otitis media. What is the treatment for a child with repetitive coughing, inspiratory whoop and post-tussive emesis? Azithromycin. This child has pertussis. A deficiency of which nutrient causes pelagra? Niacin, which is vitamin B3. Pelagra is dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. Which cardiac abnormalities are associated with trisomy 21? Ventricular septal defect or atrial septal defect? A damaged or flattened femoral head on x-ray should raise concern for what diagnosis? Leg calf perth disease, which is more common in boys. What is the centaur criteria? Fever, anterior cervical lymphatonopathy, tonsular exidate and lack of cough. This helps to diagnose acute pharyngeitis. A two-year-old child has painless rectal bleeding and no other symptoms. What is the next best step in working up the diagnosis? Rollout mechols diverticulum with mecholscan using TC-99 per tectinate. That's a wrap on pediatrics. Great job keeping up. Continue studying that information and please join me again on Physician Assistant in a flash.