Lecture 1 - Tafsir Level 1

يهو ربت كل علم الافعين ينم العلم ويدا قده تقمي ياته ومجالاته ومعه وطوير أدواتنا في تقديم العلم الشرعي أكاد من يتزاد زاد أكاد مييت ينبو عمها صاف صاف اليو يقول لطف أالي هذا كتاب الله يروح كلونا خير الدر وستعلم القرآني الشرع دن عزاتن عكاد بياتن بلعلمك الأزار في البستاني بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين وصلى الله وسلم وبارك على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وعصحابي أجمعين أما بعد رساكتد أسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته and very happy to be with you in this course regarding one of the best in fact the best field of knowledge which is related to the best of saying that is the glorious Quran we are addressing the subject of Tefsir and you know how important is the glorious Quran which is the best of speech the best and the most truthful because it is the saying of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala therefore it's so important to know what Allah wants from us as we study the glorious Quran try to understand its meaning and what Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala intends to say to us in his glorious book obviously we cannot understand and know the meaning of the glorious Quran unless we know the context in which it was revealed it was revealed upon the prophets or Allah who are we asalam through the angel Jibril Ali his salam who is the spirit who is actually the one who brought this glorious Quran taught it to the prophet peace be upon him and made sure that the prophets of asalam received it and memorized it and then of course the prophet Ali's salam was inspired to know the meaning and to explain to the companions Ali him Ridwanullah what was intended by this particular verse or that particular verse that's why the study of Tefsir is very important and we will take you Ishallah through this course step by step through what is needed to understand and of course I encourage you I encourage you to learn Arabic as a tool because that is the way to understand the glorious Quran was revealed in Arabic and of course it should be recited in Arabic it should be understood within the Arabic language of course which represented the culture of the people on which it was revealed in the first place that is the generation of the companions may Allah be pleased with them both in Mecca and in Medina so we are addressing the subject of Tefsir what is Tefsir and of course normally we go back to the laxical meaning and we go back to the linguistic meaning so when we talk about Tefsir we say that Tefsir in Arabic means to explain to make clear which is taken from the word Fesara Fesara is to make clear and to uncover and this is what is in the dictionary the Qamus as we say and let me warn you that I will be using many terms in Arabic in order to explain and to be accustomed to these terms because you have to understand these words and these terms that are used and we're going to use them most often in this course so that is the word Fesara and Fesara is more like giving the meaning we say in Arabic as far as Saba'u meaning when the when dawn, when the morning gets brighter meaning it clarifies what the sun rises upon which is to see things after darkness so that is the meaning in linguistic terms when we come to the laxical meaning talking about the terminology according to the Mufa-sirin according to those who are specialized in the area of Tefsir which is directly saying Bayanu Qalamillah to clarify the saying of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala or it is a knowledge of course it's a field of knowledge that the Book of Allah would be understood through by clarifying the meaning and to take from that the rules and wisdoms behind what is being said in the glorious Quran now I should also make clear that there are two terms used in this context which is Tefsir and Te-Wil so Tefsir is to make clear Te-Wil would be the same meaning sometimes particularly in the earlier books that were authored in this particularly by Al-Imham Ibn Jarir At-Tabari, Rahimahullah who used the word Te-Wil now we have the two terms Tefsir and Te-Wil and they both carry the same meaning originally although Te-Wil may give you the reverse meaning of Tefsir which is not to explain but directly to know what a person intends to say with Te-Wil that's his own input and some of the scholars said that Tefsir is based on Rewa' which is what was reported by the glorious Quran itself or by the Prophet peace be upon him or by the companions Al-Sahaba Roudwanullah Alaihim or the Tabain so that is Rewa' but there is another meaning which is Diraya Diraya is your own understanding based on the Arabic language and this is very very important because we will be coming inshaAllah to the way how Tefsir is being done and what sources do you go back to in order to make sure that you're doing the right understanding of what Allah intended Subhanahu wa Ta'ala Te-Wil is linguistically speaking is coming from the word awl which is for example ala ilahi awlan meaning comes back so actually the meaning of Te-Wil is basically Tefsir and they both in this context they mean the same thing look at what the Prophet al-Isha'at was said to Abdullahi ibn Abbas and Abdullahi ibn Abbas is very famous for knowing the glorious Quran when he said when the Prophet (ﷺ) made dua'at for him and he said Allahumma Fakhqifu Fiddin wa Al-Limhu Ta'Wil O Allah make him understand the deen the religion and teach him Te-Wil meaning the Tefsir of this deen to explain it to make it clear and to make it understandable this Hadith was reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim and ibn Abbas (ﷺ) is Habrul Umma he's the most knowledgeable person وانتظر من قرآن وانتظر من قرآن. He told Jumanul Qur'an, he is the translator, he is meaning literally meaning the translator but it means the one who translates the meaning, it makes it so clear. Now going to another subject, where do we get the knowledge of the glorious Qur'an? How would we understand Tefsir? Well you have to go to certain sources, which are all, each one is a field of knowledge in its own, first you resort to the glorious Qur'an itself because you understand the meaning of Qur'an from the glorious Qur'an and you are given examples, for example, as Allah (ﷺ) you know this is in Surah Al-Kariah and the last chapter, and this is the meaning of Al-Kariah and the same thing is when Allah (ﷺ) what is the word "Halua" meaning very, you know, fearful, uncertain, anxious, when he is being touched by bad things, of course he is very fearful when he does not correspond, he does not give, when he does not give good and he keeps it to himself. So that is the meaning of what is "Halua". The glorious Qur'an says in Surah Al-Bakara, in the beginning, alif lamim, dalik al kitab ul-arayb, huudallil muttakin, huwadam muttakin, Allah (ﷺ), so that is the explanation of what muttakin are. The second one is as sunnah, you will explain the glorious Qur'an from the sunnah going back to the Hadith of the Prophet (ﷺ) and then thirdly, we go to the reports by the companions because the companions would ask the Prophet (ﷺ) and they would tell us or they would understand it from the Arabic language, for example Ibn Abbas, did not understand the meaning of falteras samawati wal-ardu. What is the meaning of falter? And he said two men came and they were fighting about a well that they dug and one of them said this is my own well that I dug meaning I started digging in the first place. So falteras samawati wal-ardu is the one who created the heavens and the earth with that prior example. So that is one example. One has to understand al-Mullura which is the science of language and grammar and morphology. These are very important to understand how Arabic is used because these expressions that are coming in the glories Qur'an are based on the Arabic language and how the Arabs used to talk and address things in their own language at that time. Still, al-hamdulillah is alive until today. And then we talk about al-Mulbeyan which is rhetoric or al-balaara as we say in Arabic. We go also to the science of Osul al-Fikr, the science of the principles of jurisprudence and al-Mulqaraat because sometimes we read this ayah in this way or that way with very very minor differences and these are called the modes of recitations. And then we talk about as Bab al-Nuzul reasons for the revelation. What the Qur'an responds to in a particular event here and there all is based on that. And then finally, we talk about Anaseh Wal-Mansukh which is which abrogates and being abrogated. So some of the ayahs in the glories Qur'an were abrogated by another one but still being recited and some of them are not actually abrogating other verses. So we have to understand that in order to understand the meaning. We cannot take it right away from there and say this is what Allah intends unless you understand and study that piece of knowledge. I think that is going to cover the two main topics today and when you talk about activities we can say tell us in general how al-Mustafsir is being taken from. For example, what is the meaning of tafsir and what is the difference between tafsir and ta'wil and then from what you're on reading what is a bad ta'wil as opposed to good ta'wil. And then finally how can we do we learn from the words of Qaraat or the modes of recitations. This covers the first lesson in our series, intafsir. And till I see you, in the next lesson I leave you with the last protection. Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi. Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi.