Konkurensi

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. So, let's continue our meeting. This time we will discuss about the competition. Before that, we have learned about the management process and the implementation of the process. So, as explained before, in the context of the management process, we have discussed about the system on monoprogramming and multi-programming. So, it looks like in the context of multi-programming, the operation system is of course much more complicated because at one time it can serve more than one operation, where there are many processes in there that have to be served in the memory. So, for certain cases, it needs to be handled. So, there is a process handling context with various strategies. Now, in the context of competition, we will now discuss what competition is. So, here we are talking about the process-process, which of course in this matter is more than one process at the same time. It means that it needs a service from the operating system. So, the process-process that is at the same time with the service needs, for example, there are two possibilities. The possibility of the process-process is not necessarily interacting. Or the second, the process-process is necessarily interacting. So, what is the indication of the interaction? One of them is that it can be more than one process, with the potential of using one source. Meanwhile, the process is more than one. So, there are questions. Who will be given access to the source first? So, the competition issue, if we analyze it like this, if we have a car with ten rails, that means that each car has one rail, it becomes a problem, maybe it is not a problem for the driver. Compared to the car with ten rails, while the rail is one. Well, the question is, will each rail be accessed by ten cars? How to control it? That is more or less the same. So, the competition issue is related to communication between processes. How does the process-process communicate in using the source? Then, how do we use the source? How does the operating system allocate to the process that asks and deallocates when the process is over? How does the operating system control the process in using the source? How does the operating system allocate time? How does the operating system do synchronization? This is interesting. The discussion becomes long. Because the context of the multi-programming context becomes more complicated. The implementation. On the competition principle, the issue is how to control the process in using the operating system. Because the process is more than one. But it has to be handled simultaneously, so the concept is control. Is it with time-sharing and so on? That is the principle in the competition. So, this issue. As we discussed in the operation, as we talked about in the interview, communication between processes, using the source and so on. This is related to other issues. When this competition is not handled well by the operation system. There will be mutual exclusion, synchronization, deallocation and starvation in the context of our school. That will be discussed in a separate way. So, this competition is the door to the door to the next discussion. The mutual exclusion, synchronization, deallocation and starvation. This is interesting in this competition. So, here there is a circulation in handling the process by the operating system. What is the difficulty in this competition? The first, of course, the issue is the difficulty in using the global source. We know that in programming, we know the global variable. The global variable means that the variable can be accessed by the procedure or other functions. Thus, the value is very critical. Because it can be changed by the procedure or other functions. However, other functions can also be changed at the same time. At least that's how it is. That's the same with the global source. So, the global source issue in this operation is that there is a source that can be used by other processes. But, of course, it is limited. Therefore, the issue is how to use this global source. If it is not controlled, of course, there is a crash or a potential error in reading for certain cases. So, you can refer to William Staling's book about the issue of reading. There is an example of the process of input/output/keyboard. Keyboard in reading something input. So, you can read it later, you can discuss it there. For cases in the difficulty of using the global source, for example. Then, it is also difficult to allocate the source optimally. So, if there is a case, the process needs input/output operation, then it is assigned. What should be done, wait until it's done or it's done. That's what we've talked about before. Then, it is also difficult to detect the error in the program. Because there, of course, there are many applications, many programs that run at the same time. That is the issue in the operation system. Then, what should be done by the operation system related to the competition? First, because the issue of the operation system is serving many processes in memory. The first, of course, the operation system must be able to detect various active processes. Because it can be done in memory, not all processes are active. Some are passive, right? Well, the active process must be scanned, then where is the passive process? What are the cases in the block or how? Then, the next, the operation system must also be able to allocate and deallocate various sources for each active process. So, the issue is that when there is a process that needs a source, the process must be able to get the source. And so, it must be able to get the source back. So, don't be like this. When the source is limited, it is destroyed, it becomes a disaster. So, it is released, the status remains as it is being used. That is not effective and not efficient from time to time. Because the others assume that it is being used. This is the issue of deallocation. So, on the other hand, if it wants to use it, the source must be ready immediately. So, the second issue is allocation and deallocation. Then, the next issue is protection. Because the global source is damaged, it is caused together. So, when a process needs a source and deallocation, it is important for the operation system to protect it. Not until it becomes a double use. So, if it is being used, the others will wait until the source is finished. Then, the last issue is about the results of a process that must not depend on the speed in which the execution is done relative to the speed of the other competitors. Because we cannot predict the speed of a process when it is executed. So, this is an issue related to a competition that must be done by the operation system. Later, the rules will be detailed in the context of the next department. That is, mutual exclusion and synchronization. This is related to a competition. As a result, there is a competition process. As a result, there is a process that involves a lot of interaction. As a result, the next concept is about mutual exclusion and synchronization. So, the competition is interesting. Because this is an open door for two main topics in the future. Mutual exclusion and synchronization are didlock and starvation. So, if I review, the point is that the competition is how to manage communication between processes. Because here we are talking about a system of operations that is more than one process and often interacts. Interaction in what? In the use of submarine. Why must it be controlled? Because if it is not controlled, the submarine is limited. While those who want to access it are not limited. So, if the submarine is using it, what should be done by the submarine? If it is not controlled, the submarine can bounce. That is why the protection is shown, the way of distribution and so on. So, the interception issue, as in the analogy of the train, if ten trains have ten rails, it means that each train has one rail done. But the problem is that the train has ten rails and two rails. Or the rail is one, the rail is limited. How to manage it? That is the issue in the competition. So, here we will later meet with the interaction between processes. So, there is competition in competition, competition of competition. In the process of getting submarine. Like what? To compete. What is the reason? The competition is healthy. This is discussed in Mutual Expression. Or it can be a co-operation between processes in the form of sharing. But how to control it? The same work. Or a co-operation between processes using communication between processes. So, there are many things. And this will be discussed in Mutual Exclusion. I think that's it for the conversation of competition. As usual, please explore some of the revenency books that have been mentioned. Including William Staling. Please read it. Later, if there is something that you want to discuss, please ask the next department before entering Mutual Expression. And especially, there was an issue about how... What is it called? About what is it called? It is about using global sources, keyboard issues. Reading is interesting. There is a pseudocode. How to criticize the global sources. Including reading. Reading is written on a keyboard. Please read it. And later you can discuss it. Or I will ask at the beginning of the meeting about Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization. Okay, thank you for the talk of Synchronization. Later, we can continue the discussion at the beginning of the meeting for the next battery. Thank you. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.