Franklin D. Roosevelt, l’allié 3/5 : Le New Deal

The Great Crossing, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Ally. I, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States and will do the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, so help me God. Today is a day of national consecration, I am certain that my compatriots are waiting for this day when I am with the President, I am talking to them with honesty and the spirit of decision that proclaims the situation of our country. When Roosevelt entered into office on March 4, 1933, the United States crossed the worst economic crisis of their history. The volume of oil transactions on Wall Street had dropped by 90 percent, the national growth rate had dropped by about 70 percent compared to 1929. To give you one example, U.S. Steel was perhaps the largest company in the world in 1929 and counted 250,000 employees. When Roosevelt came to power four years later, there was no more employee at the time, only one person at the administrative level to ensure the company's functioning. People had trouble imagining how much economic conditions were unfaithful. The American people were very frightened, in fact, when Roosevelt was watching Roosevelt look at his husband and say his investment speech, and she said that now she felt that he could have supported him, and she said that she felt that he could have supported him in any way, as long as he was desperate. Let me tell you with certainty that the only thing we have to fear is the fear itself. This irrational, unjustifiable terror paralyzes our efforts while we can make the progress of our road. Well, the Great Depression, not surprisingly, gave rise to a lot of discontent, and a part of this discontent was expressed through the labour movement, the main social movement on the left, and the labour movement. Michael Cassidy, he demanded the creation of social insurance and retirement pension, which ends up being the result of social security system. And there were movements which were specifically calling for distribution of wealth, in through very progressive taxation, or just some of the income of some of the property of the wealthy. The main syndicats within the CIO, the Congress, the industrial organizations, were the workers of the automobile, the electric workers, the dockers of the West Coast, and the miners. The syndicate was already old, but it grew in the 19th century. These syndicats contained many radicals, which were of important socialist and socialist activists. The Communist Party was probably the largest single radical movement in the '30s, during the popular front. During the popular front, it was the same term as in France, but it covered a different reality. The communists of the entire world, especially in this country, wanted to not move towards a socialist revolution, but they wanted to organize what was not organized. They identified themselves very much with American traditions, and they had, they opened to Thomas Jefferson, for example, and celebrated the revolution, and also they were, the Communist Party's support was crucial to Franklin Roosevelt. They were the first to recognize the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party. They were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party. They were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party. They were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party, and they were the first to know the power of the Communist Party. So he launched this first hundred days, which is an extraordinary pluripotent, which was never equal before, or since. No president has ever managed to do what Roosevelt and the Congress did in the first hundred days. In May 1933, the Congress voted $500 million to be urgent to the population. A new alphabet appeared on the sidelines of the government agencies. WPA, Works Progress Administration, SSA, Social Security Administration. Social rights make their appearance in a country based on individual responsibility and the dream of prosperity. The CWS, Civil Work Administration, pays 50,000 teachers to keep schools open in the countryside and to teach for adults in the cities. My father, for example, was a writer, and he had a job for a while, working on the guides for the Works Progress Administration, which employed a lot of artists and writers. He was notably a writer in New York State. He was originally from New York. The mills in the country were painted by WPA artists. Some of them were radicals, socialists and communists. There, in Germany at the same time, the books were burned in public places. There, noise of boots indicates to New York that the government is organizing a parade with charmed music and confetti, in honor of the law of industrial repression. New nobles and legions of Phil, soldier, mariner, millionaire, prostitute, salesman, coast to coast in the army of industrial repression, a fleet of 250,000 economic warriors who form the largest pacific manifestation of the history of the United States. The law of industrial repression calls for a concerted planning between the government and the industry. At this moment of the archive, we see a New York cook on his screen, a bird, next to a star of David, who there in Germany would be synonymous with a next death. All the companies that agreed to follow the progress on the international supply of industrial rights products could apply a blue magnet on their products. The idea of starting the law of industrial repression was to ask the companies to maintain the salaries at a high level and to prevent the prices to increase. So it was a voluntary effort to maintain the kind of wage and price control, but that's the whole truth of codes and so forth. And Roosevelt kind of stored a plethora and inspirational speeches and so forth that he had given at the early part of the investigation. They were going to go out and buy products that had the blue ego. They wanted to do their part. They were all in the same boat. They were all in the boat and then we have to join together to overcome the crisis of economic crisis. At the end of the same economic collapse, two opposing paths, Nazism and fascism in Europe, social reliance in the United States. When he took power, he said, "If I don't succeed, I'll be the last president of the United States." And he really believed that. In his inaugural address, which in the same month he took power, he asked for very broad the same power I would use if there were a war. No, that wasn't fascism. Some Republicans who accused him of that, but it wasn't. And it's a sort of miracle that we didn't get closer anyway to fascism. You understood that the country was very divided as much as it is now. Roosevelt knew that the country was divided, but so he was very divided and he understood that in order to bring about a new majority in the United States, he had to do and support things that had never been done before, especially extending the power of the central government, a way that wasn't really in the American tradition. On May 9, 1933, in the newspaper of Henry Morgensau, lunch with the president, he saluted me in German. He also told me about his discussion with the governor of Minnesota, even though farmers are not manifesting mass in front of the justice palaces. He said to me, "What would you think if I added to the law on the help of farmers, a statement demanding to create, to suspend all expropriation, to allow the help to produce their effects?" It's an excellent idea, he replied. Kirsten Carter. I don't think we ever had a vision as complete and revelatory as the daily work of a member of the cabinet. Henry Morgensau was the secretary of Franklin Roosevelt's treasurer. He served him in that role throughout his presidency. And the two had been friends, they both lived in that small region of New York, and we lived here in this region, love, and farm activities and things like that. They were already very close before Morgensau became a secretary to the treasurer. On May 15, 1933, in the newspaper of Henry Morgensau, lunch with the president, I told him, "You know that I am the only Jew of your government, and I would like you to help me, I would like you to consult me on the subject of what you think to become our ambassador in Germany." I would be delighted, he said. I asked him, "What are the probabilities of a war with Germany?" "Very strong," he said. "Will the United States have to see how committed they are? We will never see any of our men there," he replied. As you may know, the banking system collapsed over 11,000 banks, and the banking system collapsed. More than 11,000 banks had failed in the month before its investment. Roosevelt first had to manage the banking crisis. He closed the banks by declaring a day off, and then they had to quickly draft legislation called the emerging bank. How were they used before the Hoover administration? That was very important. They essentially put together a plan to recapitalize banks. But, you know, a banking crisis is psychological, right? The American people running banks, pulling their money out, and they go back and forth, and they had to reopen them. And, of course, in order to keep the people off of it, he gave that very first, very first price, right? He gave his very first and famous "causery" to the corner of the fire, where he said, "My friends, I am here tonight to talk to you about the bank." Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. My friends, I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States of the banking system. I want to tell you what has been done in the last few days, why it was done, and what the next steps have to be. I recognize that the many banks that have been sent out from Washington, and they may be the treasure-ranging way of the cause, out to the most part in banking and legal services, ought to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen. I will listen to the people, because of what we do to put together, whichever company is the most convenient, I have set to give you the hardships of the banking holiday. I know that when you have understood what we have done in Washington, I can count on your entire cooperation, as fully as you have agreed on your sympathy and your support over the last few weeks. Roosevelt explained the banking system to the people with an incredible ability. Nobody understands to this day nobody understands anything, but he made it clear that it's safer to put your money in the bank still than to put it in your mattress. It worked, and there were a lot of other things like that. He started by saying "my friends" and people really thought they were his friends, or that he was their friend. Another question that you will ask is this. The answer is simple, your government does not want that the history of the last few years shall be repeated. We do not want and we will not have a new epidemic of banking strikes. As a result, we start tomorrow, Monday, with the opening of banks in the 12 Federal Reserve Banks. That's why we start tomorrow, Monday, by reopening them in the 12 cities where Federal Reserve Banks are located. These banks are safe after an examination of the Treasury Department. On Tuesday, they will be reinstalled in their function, some banks will declare a scene in several other cities. On August 16, 1933, I had breakfast with the President for half an hour, Henry Morgan Soe wrote. I found him in great shape and delighted with his job. He told me he spent an hour in the morning with Taylor, the US Treasury boss, and Charlie Schwab. He told me, "I would have scared them like never before." And I said to Schwab that it would be better not to put a new bonus of a million dollars to their President. One of the things about the new deal that we need to keep in mind is that... One of the things you have to keep in mind about the new deal is that, in a certain way, they were moving forward at an early age. No one had ever done this before. Again, most people don't realize that the United States, the capacity to provide goods and services before the new deal was minimal. It was almost non-existent. As another famous historian said, the only real contact that the American people had with the government before the new deal, was when they went to the office to buy a timbre. We see him as a great progressive and he was. But if you go... if you put yourself back there, there are lots of people who have always disappointed him. I mean, he sort of knew just how far to go. If he went too far, it wasn't good for him. He always presented it in very human and alarming terms. It is the light that carries far. It is the guiding star of FDR. What a man. He is the man of men. What a man. A regular F-man. What a lucky day. Was his first birthday. What a lucky day. For the U.S.A. What a man. And how he leads the way. What a heart. What a mind. What a plan. What a birthday celebration. What a day of inspiration. What a blessing to the nation. What a man. One of the important rationales for motivations and really sales pitches for many of the new year programs, which were the most expensive ones, was not justice or the quality. It was the consumption. In order to make the economy prosper in the 1930s, you had to have more money. You had to have higher earnings to be able to afford things. The major problem was the depression in the U.S. and around the world, it was the depression. The prices had dropped a lot, but people still didn't have enough money to consume. So that was the rational for the cost of adjustment and the rational for the value of education. It was the logic of the national law on labor relations. If the workers can afford it, they'll get a higher salary and they'll be able to buy more. It was also true for social security. Why shouldn't elderly people have the means to survive once they don't work anymore? Give them some money so they can buy things. That was the macroeconomy consumption. He appointed all kinds of contradictory people in his government. He liked having lots of different opinions. The frustration that he produced was and it's the same frustration that he produced. And I think it's probably necessary to be really good at that job is if you came to see him, you want to understand the cause and you make your case. That sounds wonderful. I think that comes with that. That follows a opponent that's very interesting. He made his own decision and both of those people were baffled and bewildered by what happened. I think his administration was the most diverse of what we had ever had. I mean, this country was run by wasps, by white hangers, who he was a prime example of. But he had Jews in his cabinet. There was an African man in his cabinet, but there was an African American group who wasn't part of his cabinet that doesn't seem like much now. It doesn't seem like much now. And anti-Semites, who were very numerous in the United States, and especially in Germany, denounced the presence of Jews inside the federal government. They called it the Jew deal. It's important to point out that the political structure that Roosevelt had was actually much better than that of today. There were lots of liberal Republicans in Congress, and many of them were very conservative. In fact, Roosevelt's worst enemies were conservative Democrats. The Democratic Party was formed in the early 19th century really as a coalition created at the beginning of the 19th century like some of whom owned slaves and immigrants, especially the Irish and the Germans, who lived at the time in the big cities of the North, especially in New York and Philadelphia. And in a certain way, it's this coalition that contributed to making Democrats throughout the 19th century, even in the early 20th century, but the West South, after the Civil War, continued to be the solid South as it was called. It was very difficult in most parts of the South and the big drawings were very important, especially in the Democratic Party, which did defend what the Republicans did, which did defend the white supremacy, which was very opposed, not necessarily to the use of slavery, but to the lack of rights or rights. So there was this very strongly racist component of the Democratic Party at the same time. At the same time, most of the residents of the South were poor. Woodrow Wilson, first, and then of course Roosevelt in the 1930s, offered to support the industrial development of the South, trying to build dams to provide electricity to the population. They also contributed to giving help to farmers, so they did not have to worry about going broke, going bankrupt, which was basically artificially weak. The Democrats were therefore all in favor of these ideas, because they were going to help their fellow citizens who were majoritarily white in the South. From 1933 to 1939, the Work Progress Administration was going to build dams and railways. They were going to build 70% of these new schools, 75% of these justice palaces, 35% of these new hospitals. On November 24, 1934, New Bedford, Passage 7, Charles-M. Franklin Roosevelt, when you read this letter, you'll think I'm quiet, but I can no longer stand to see my parents so worried. They were angry because almost everyone in the family had to go to the hospital. I have a little bit of money on the side, and I ask you if you could help me a little. Thus, I would have enough money to buy gifts for my family. The money I have is not enough for everyone. I would be very grateful if you could help me. Please, don't talk about this letter to anyone. Post-Cripton, if you want to know my age, I'm 13. I was 14 years old on December 15, 1934. Your friend, Mariko Hito. The critical first was to put people back to work. And, again, many Americans don't realize it, but the biggest drop in damage in the history of the United States was produced between 1933 and 1934. It dropped from 11 points. It dropped a lot. The problem, of course, is that the amount of damage was so high, 25%, that it remained too high, even after that significant drop. Yes, it's very important to note the kind of compromise. I think with Roosevelt, again, the major bills of New Deal, for the principal projects of the New Deal's law, are adopted by the Congress. The United States is the most important to adopt in the 1930s. The National Law on Work Relations, or Wagner Act, the name of Senator Robert Wagner from New York, a very liberal, very anti-racist senator from New York, is a good example. The National Law on Work Relations facilitated the access of workers to the union and entrusted to the government the organization of the union elections for the first time in the history of the United States. But two very important groups were not included in this law. On the one hand, the South African workers, who were mostly African-Americans, they were mostly West African workers, mostly of Mexican origin. On the other hand, the domestic workers, the many black women working for the white families of the South and some regions of the North. It was a very important law to facilitate the union organization, and it did not apply to two of the main professions exerted by the African-Americans. And it would not have been adopted as easily by the Congress if these two exceptions had not been made. The Law on Social Security, for the first time in history, versioned by the federal state, whose function is to treat all citizens of the country for 65 years, carried out the same exemptions. Augusta Giorgi, September 26, 1935. Mr. Roosevelt, I am sure that there are many miserable people in our community who deserve the benefits of the new law on social security. In our community, as well as others, the housing conditions are deplorable, especially for the people of color. The neighborhoods in which thousands of people live are nothing other than the streets of the Caban Mountains, where there are so many that it is impossible to guarantee decent health conditions. We also have many people who risk losing their homes, lack of income, and they are not eligible for social help, according to the criteria here. One of the most important problems that we face is the help to the students. There are more than a hundred students of color who are eligible for federal aid in the committee of rich people. But the committee of rich people did not provide this help for the black genesis. So we are in total agreement with your policies on social performance. But in view of the issues that arise, we hope for adaptation and an answer to Mikal. Very sincerely to you, River and Orblitz. Programs like the Work Progress Administration and the Public Works Administration were carried by representatives of local communities who offered projects to be funded by the federal government. So it was not piloted from Washington, but from local centers. In some ways, it was a very good thing, but in the South and in some regions of the United States, it had negative effects. Because racism, the racial hierarchy of the South, meant that many African Americans, were not consistent in their programs. Throughout American history, the first ladies did not play an essential role in the government of their husband. Eleanor Roosevelt was an exceptional figure. Once Franklin Roosevelt was elected president, she signed the country to make the school. She addressed working groups. She spoke in favor of black rights. She also produced an important event, which I forgot the exact date, in '37 or '38. Eleanor Roosevelt supported Marian Anderson. She was a very popular singer who saw the access to the American Revolution at the doors of the room, which was very close to the mall in Washington. And it had a white-only policy for those who could come to concerts. So with the help of Harold Ickes, who was a former Theta Roosevelt Republican, who was in that way Harold Ickes was an old Republican who became a Democrat and put the secretaries inside under Roosevelt's administration. As he was responsible for all the Washington monuments, he was able to preserve the Lincoln Memorial for Marian Anderson's concert. Therefore, instead of 2,000 or 3,000 people who could have listened to the American Revolution Hall, 75,000 black and white spectators could come to Washington. This was something which allied Eleanor Roosevelt to both Americans of the city and the whole country. Genius, genius draws no color line. And so it is fitting that Marian Anderson should raise her voice in tribute to the noble Lincoln whom mankind will ever honor. My country is on the sweet land of liberty who do we see. Land where my father's died, land where my father's died, and the director of the NAACP, Association for Protection and the Rights of People of Color who fight for a law that prohibits the Lincoln. But if I openly defend such a law now in the Roosevelt's replica, the Democrats of the South will block all the measures that allow the regress of the country. I can't take such a risk. Is it my wife who sends you? It is my wife who was in the police to encourage her husband to support a law project making the Lincoln a federal crime. Robert Wagner, who had carried the national law on work relations, was in favor of this law project called the Lincoln. But it was impossible to convince the senators of the South to support it because local judges decide to criminalize or not the Lincoln. And the South judges, made exclusively of white, would not recognize one of them as guilty of such a terrible crime. This is especially one area where I do wish I had felt my grandfather would have liked that conversation with him about it. Of course I can't say anything with certainty, but I suspect that both of them were personally caught in this evolution of thinking. I don't really know what he felt in his heart, but I suspect he was closer to my grandmother than he left everyone's house. And I suspect that because he let her speak freely and do freely even though he knew there was a political cause but he knew that he could also balance that by letting her speak what he was thinking I'd change his shoes, I'd change the way he was thinking and thereby leading others to change their thinking as well. If he wasn't as vocal it would enable him to still operate politically. The New Deal is not perfect, you know, when you look at legislation like the Law of Industrial Redressement or even the Law of Agricultural Adjustment Act these were massive piece of legislation where he basically sort of threw in the solution to solve his problems. In a way, what essentially happens that various members of congress very special interest groups would push through a certain group of interest in order to revive the industry or agriculture. And so there were contradictions in these programs. Often the effect of those programs was really dependent. It was very popular at the start, but quickly, the National Recovery Administration got the nickname because it was simply too big and too bureaucratic. It is already far away the pact between government and industry, the mirage of a united and unclassed society. Henry Ford sees in the New Deal the international finance arm, as well as the Jews. When the right was recognized, the vice-president of US Steel would have gone to prison to obey the law. Against the government's policy, the North's industries created the Liberty League. Franklin Roosevelt had to fight the rich world where he was born. Yes, we treated him to class. As he got older and experienced his own ostracism, he realized the problems of individual relations and just a one-on-one relationship that you can do in your own life that justice apparently demanded that you look at the current structure that marginalized some people, enriched others and that you need to address that if you were going to have a country, especially if you were going to have a democratic country. In 1934, most of the observers expected that the Democrats would lose seats during these elections. That's generally what happened to a party out of town. But in fact, the Democratic Party won the seats in 1934. It's partly because the 34th was marked by important long-shore strikes. The St. Francisco strike, which became a general strike. 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long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike, which was a long-shore strike,