Economic Warfare On Iran, White House Ballroom, Bond Market Warning Signs

The White House is doubling down on economic pressure to choke off Iran's economy. The U.S. has not sanctioned the government that by Iran's oil, but that may change China is Iran's biggest customer, could it face consequences. I'm Sasha Feifer, that's Laila Faddle, and this is up first from NPR News. The Supreme Court is expected to weigh in on President Trump's ballroom construction. A lawsuit argues he needed congressional approval. Trump is framing the ballroom as part of a military complex with drone ports and bomb shelters. And the bond market is flashing a warning sign for the economy. That marketplace a big role in setting interest rates when the government has to pay more to borrow money so does everyone else. Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day. The Trump administration is threatening crippling new economic pressures on Iran. They want that pressure to force Iran back into negotiations over the Strait of Hormuz. Treasury Secretary Scott Besant says next week he'll lay out what new economic pressure on Iran looks like. Diplomatic efforts to revive peace talks have completely stalled after a temporary ceasefire was called off weeks ago. With us, his NPR's Emily Fang to explain the latest good morning, Emily. Good morning, Laila. So the U.S. has already has so many sanctions on Iran, so much economic pressure on Iran. So what exactly is the president threatening beyond what's already being done? Well, he wrote on true social, the social media site that any country that allows institutions or businesses to provide, quote, any type of lifeline to Iran will itself face tremendous economic consequences. He appears here to be referring to activity like smuggling Iranian oil out or helping Iran by goods abroad. As you note, though, the U.S. already has extensive sanctions that makes a lot of international trade with Western countries impossible. And already in June, the U.S. took it one step further. They put secondary sanctions on entities that were helping Iran evade sanctions. So as Sasha mentioned earlier, Treasury Secretary Besant said he's going to hold a press conference on Monday to explain what this new quote, economic D-Day, as President Trump is calling, will entail. What is notable to me is the focus seems to be on countries and their governments now. So not just on businesses and economic fronts. And the big question that stands out is how this might affect China. Okay. Wait, how is China connected to this? So until now, the U.S. Ascension entities that ship or refine oil or move money around that allows China to buy about 80 to 90% of Iran's oil before the war. But the U.S. has largely held off on sanctioning the governments of those entities, governments like that of China's. That might change. China has been one of the top places for money laundering and financial fronts for moving Iranian money around. The U.S. Treasury actually sanctioned several of those fronts in June. And China was the only country that Besant mentioned, you know, singled out this week. Here's an interview he did with CNBC yesterday. A reopening of the straight benefits China, unfortunately, they've been buying. They were the largest consumer of Iranian oil. They were buying about 90% of it. Though when he was asked specifically of China, it might be targeted under these new economic pressures Besant declined to answer. Interesting. Iran's economy was already struggling before the U.S. and Israel started this war. How is it fairing now and will even more sanctions work? What is the big question, Iran's economy is struggling even more. A U.S. blockade has cut its economy off from the rest of the world. People there cannot get goods from outside the country for the most part. But CNA2C, a senior fellow at the Think Tank Center for International Policy in Washington says ideological hardliners now have control of parts of Iran's government. So the economy is not their priority. There's this existential threat that the Iranians have been faced with. But they're willing to bear much greater economic costs to kind of secure their survival. Whereas for the U.S., it's ultimately, you know, for the average American, the average voter, we have much less at stake here. He notes Iran does want promises of sanctions relief. They really want the U.S. to unfreeze tens of billions of dollars of Iranian assets abroad. But there's also widespread distrust of the U.S. and arguably laying on even more sanctions on Iran would only increase that distrust and make the case that the U.S. will never allow for sanctions relief on Iran. On P.R. Emily Fang, thank you, Emily. Thanks, Lila. The Supreme Court is expected to weigh in on whether President Trump can continue construction of his ballroom. A non-profit group sued the administration and appeals court ruled in the non-profits favor earlier this month and said construction needed to stop. But the court paused its order until today. And P.R. White House correspondent Diva Sherrum is with us now to discuss. Good morning, Diva. Good morning. So catch us up on what the Supreme Court is deciding on, exactly. Yeah, it's been a lot of start and stop with this. But to put it simply, last fall, Trump knocked down the east wing of the White House to construct a 90,000 square foot ballroom. It's costing hundreds of millions of dollars. And while Trump has said that taxpayers will not have to pay for any of it, the Washington Post has reported that some of the costs will fall on the public. And P.R. hasn't independently confirmed that, though. And so after he starts construction, a non-profit group called the National Trust for Historic Preservation sues the Trump administration and says that Trump needs congressional approval in order to build the ballroom. Four courts have hashed out this lawsuit for months, and now the Supreme Court will decide what happens next. The Trump administration is arguing that the ballroom was needed to create a "integrated military complex" that houses medical care, a drone port and bomb shelters. On the other hand, the National Trust for Historic Preservation is saying that the executive branch doesn't have the authority to transform the White House like this, even for national security purposes. Does the president think the court will rule in his favor? Yeah, so earlier this week, he said that he can't imagine that the Supreme Court is ruling against the ballroom. And he said that while he took the press out for a tour of the ongoing construction on the South Lawn of the White House, this is different than the ballroom, by the way. There's generally a lot of projects Trump has going on at once, and he really likes talking about them. But he's building a new hella pad on the South Lawn, and when he was showing that off to reporters, he was describing the ballroom being used to host foreign dignitaries, like China's Xi Jinping, who's expected to visit the US soon. They get out of the car, and they walk down this path onto that, and they can have cocktails and everything outside of the White House, and then they go into the ballroom. Even the military, they can use it like that, and the ballroom is so much a military component with the drones and the bomb shelters and everything else that we have in there. And that pivot of referring to it as a ballroom/military complex, and really putting the security part of this, you know, on the forefront, has been something Trump started doing when the court started weighing in, and on this construction and saying there is a possibility of this getting shut down. I will just point out though, Leila, it's not just the court's Trump is having to contend with here. His ballroom is really unpopular in the public eye. A poll from ABC News, Washington Post, Ipsos shows that 56% opposed the ballroom at the same time. Polling also shows that a vast majority of Americans also think the president isn't focusing on the most important issues, in addition to Trump's construction projects not being popular. His economic policies aren't popular, and his war with Iran isn't either. I mean, construction of the ballroom though has been going on since last October. So what happens to a not quite finished ballroom/military complex if construction has to stop? Yeah, this is kind of a logistical nightmare, right? Because the ballroom is already getting built, millions of dollars have already been spent. The areas near the White House have been closed off for months because of the construction. So if the court says that Congress needs to come in and approve this, it's not like Congress moves at lightning speed either, right? Right. So having an unfinished ballroom/military complex that completely raised over the old east wing of the White House, it's complicated. And the whole situation sort of speaks to Trump's decision-making process and how he treats the courts. Because now the Supreme Court's kind of in an awkward position here. That's NPR's Deepa Sheverham. Thank you, Deepa. Thank you. It was another sell-off in financial markets. The Trump administration had tried to calm market jitters and keep the government's borrowing costs in check, but investors dumped both stocks and bonds on Thursday. NPR Scott Horsley joins us to discuss high-scot. Good morning, Larry. Good morning. So we don't often talk about the bond market, but it does appear to be flashing a warning sign. What's going on? This week, the yield on government debt jumped to its highest level in almost two decades. That's the payoff that investors demand in return for lending money to government. Carl Tannenbaum, who's chief economist at the asset management company, Northern Trust, says there are three reasons bond yields have been going up. One, we have a very large and growing national debt. Two, inflation continues to be a little higher than we would like to see it. And three, the demand for borrowing, especially the long-term borrowing has been added to by the immense AI buildout. Big tech companies are borrowing a lot of money to build their AI data centers, and the government has to compete with that to find lenders of its own. The government's interest cost have jumped about 15% this year to more than a trillion dollars a year. How's the Treasury Department responding? On Wednesday, the Treasury Department announced it would buy back more of its government [BLANK_AUDIO] bonds effectively refinancing some of the government's long-term debt with somewhat cheaper short-term debt. And that move was intended to reassure investors and tamp down those sky-high yields. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told CNBC he thinks the bond market is overreacting and there's no reason for yields to be this high. The underlying economy, I think, is very strong and the only inflationary impulses that we're seeing are coming from the energy, which is temporary. Of course, we're almost six months into the Iran War now and gasoline prices are still high. The Treasury Department's action did provide a little relief in the bond market, but it did not last. Yields came down on Wednesday, but yesterday they bounced back up again. They're not as high as they were earlier in the week, but the financial markets are still chittery. What does that say about the Treasury Secretary's credibility? You know, Bessent is a former hedge fund manager and he essentially said on CNBC, "I know better than the market does," but the market's reaction suggests investors aren't willing to take that on faith. Carl Tannenbaum says the buyback program that was announced this week is pretty small in the scheme of things and it only runs until just after the midterm election. Typically, when governments attempt an intervention of this kind, they need to commit to doing it in a very large size and for a very long time. And investors are questioning whether Treasury has that commitment. Bessent also told CNBC the government can grow its way out of that $40 trillion in debt. Certainly, economic growth would help, but right now the economy is growing at an annual rate of about 2 percent and we're piling up debt at a rate of nearly 6 percent, so that's not a roadmap to fiscal success. What does all of this mean for people who are not active investors in the bond market? Well, the bond market plays a big role in setting interest rates, so when the government has to pay more to borrow money, so does anyone getting a mortgage or a car loan or trying to bankroll a business. Mortgage rates, for example, have climbed close to 6.7 percent, and those high borrowing costs are keeping a lot of would-be home buyers on the sidelines. And Piera Scott-Horsley, thank you, Scott. You're welcome. And that's up first for Friday, August 21st, I'm Leila Fauden, and I'm Sasha Fiverr. Today's episode of Up First was edited by Rebecca Metzler, Emily Kopp, Muhammad Elbar DC, and Alice Wolfley. It was produced by Paige Waterhouse and Neo Dumas. Our director is Katie Klein. We get engineering support from Carly Strange. Our technical director is A.O. and Fane, and our executive producer is J. Shailer. Join us again on Monday. [MUSIC]