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A Man to Be Afraid Of

44m 31s

A Man to Be Afraid Of

Phoebe Judge begins the episode by announcing a new live tour with her family, set to feature stops in Durham and Portland, Maine. The narrative then shifts to the true story of Sheriff Buford Pusser, a law enforcement figure in rural Tennessee known for his aggressive campaigns against moonshine bootlegging. In 1967, Pusser and his wife Pauline were ambushed on New Hope Road, an incident he claimed was tied to his conflicts with the state-line mob. For decades, the case remained unsolved, with no arrests and no murder weapon found. However, a 2024 re-investigation by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, spurred by new forensic evidence and public demand for truth, uncovered critical inconsistencies in Pusser’s account. The autopsy revealed Pauline’s fatal wound was in the back of her head, not the forehead, and she had significant bruising suggesting prior domestic abuse. Witnesses reported arguments between Pusser and Pauline about affairs, and medical analysis showed Pusser’s injury was from a close-range shot, likely self-inflicted. The investigation concluded that Pauline was likely shot outside the car and then placed inside, indicating a staged crime. The findings suggest a murder of intimate violence, not an accident. Despite the evidence, the town of Adamsville, deeply invested in Pusser’s legend, has preserved his legacy through a museum and annual festival. While some residents reacted with shock or anger, others defend the tradition, stating that the story remains a part of their identity. The case exemplifies how public myths can persist even when facts contradict them.

Transcription

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Hi, it's Phoebe. This fall, I'm going on the road with a big experiment. It's a brand new live show all about me and my family and secrets. It's totally different from anything we've done before. We're going to announce the full run of Tord 8 soon, but first, we've got a couple of special shows coming up in just a few weeks. I'll be in Durham on September 16th at the first place we ever did a live show, Noterco, and in Portland, Maine on September 18th. We've never done a show in Maine. You can find out more at ThisIsCriminal.com/live. I hope to see you very soon. Early in the morning on August 12th, 1967, the Sheriff of McNary County, Tennessee, Buford Pusser, said he got a strange phone call. Related to something that was happening around the Tennessee Mississippi line. He said the caller told him that he'd, quote, "Find something interesting out on New Hope Road." And his wife, Pauline, was very concerned and decided that she was going to ride along with Buford to this call. Ride our chase and gross you. So they get in the car and drive while it's still dark out down this windy, gravely road, and about halfway there, a car out of nowhere comes out and begins shooting at them. Buford Pusser later said it sounded like a bunch of machine guns had opened up. His wife, Pauline, was shot. Buford Pusser said he quickly sped away with his wife laying in his lap. Buford drives for a little farther, pulls to the side, checks his wife see what kind of injury she has. And then the car reappears and completely just shoots up the entire car. Pauline was shot again and Buford was also hit. Buford later told investigators that he was looking at Pauline when she was shot in the forehead. He was shot in the chin. Buford radioed for help and drove for several miles down the road. Police from a nearby town soon arrived. Pauline Pusser died at the scene. She was 36. Buford Pusser, who was 29, was seriously injured. When police showed up, they saw him completely bloodied, barely able to talk. Just trying to kind of hold his jaw together and then he was rushed to the hospital. Buford Pusser had surgery in Memphis. During his day in the hospital, he was put in a secret room with two sheriff's deputies and two police officers assigned to protect him. The governor of Tennessee offered a $5,000 reward for information leading to an arrest. While he was still in the hospital recovering, Pauline Pusser's funeral was held in Adamsville where the couple lived. A newspaper reported that the church was full, more than 200 people came. They wrote, quote, "Every wall was banged with flowers." Less than a month after the attack, Sheriff Buford Pusser was back at work. When reporters interviewed him about the ambush that had killed his wife, he told them, "I'm pretty sure about who did it, and I'm pretty sure about where he is." I'm Phoebe Judge, this is criminal. Buford Pusser was elected Sheriff of McNary County in 1964. He ran against the incumbent Sheriff who died in a car accident just a week before the election. Buford won by a few hundred votes. He was the youngest sheriff to be elected in Tennessee history. He was 26. The way it was told to me by many was that if you were friends with him, he was a best friend. If you weren't, he was your greatest enemy. Buford Pusser grew up in Adamsville in McNary County, a rural area about a hundred miles east of Memphis. His father was a local police chief. Buford was tall and athletic. He played football and basketball in school. When he graduated from high school, he enlisted in the Marines, but quickly was discharged due to asthma. Eventually, Buford left Tennessee and went to Chicago, where he attended mortuary school, worked at a factory, and started a professional wrestling career. He was known as Buford the Bull. I mean, this is a guy that, you know, once he grew up with six foot six, 250 plus pounds, a very imposing figure. So he was perfect for the wrestling ring. And that's where he met Pauline. Pauline Mullins was a divorced mother of three. She was six years older than Buford. They got married in Chicago in December of 1959, and moved back to Adamsville a few years later. Buford Pusser was elected police chief of Adamsville after his father stepped down. And then Buford was elected sheriff of McNary County. McNary County, Tennessee, back then, even now, is a beautiful region, but a very poor region of the country. And if you weren't working at a factory or farming, even if you were doing that, you more than likely had a moonshine still in your backyard. And for most in that time, you just looked away. There was something just to pass the time or make some extra money. Once Buford became sheriff, he really, that was his goal was to break up all these illegal moonshine stills. Tennessee enacted the nation's first prohibition law in 1838, making it a misdemeanor to sell alcohol and bars and stores. Even after the national ban on alcohol ended in 1933, Tennessee stayed completely dry for several more years. The state eventually allowed individual counties and cities to vote on whether they wanted to allow sales of alcohol. By the mid-1960s, more than half of the population of Tennessee still lived in dry areas, including McNary County. You know, Buford, going back to his wrestling days, knew how to self-promote. I think he wanted more than what his father had, what his friends had. He had ambitions to be someone that if you saw him out on the street, you would go, "Wow, hey, that's Buford Pusser." So I think he wanted to have a persona that it was as big as him physically. So what better way to get famous but to break up the most notorious things that were going on in his backyard? Buford Pusser quickly gained a reputation for going after bootleggers, moonshine stills, and illegal alcohol sales. In a raid in December of 1964, he seized almost 3,000 bottles of Kentucky whiskey with the help of state agents. He told reporters that it was the largest amount of whiskey ever seized in the county. He also raided bars and motels near the Mississippi Tennessee state line, known for gambling and illegal alcohol sales, including one called the Shamrock Motel and Restaurant. It was a rough place. Everybody will tell you, you know, there were definitely fights there. There was a lot of heavy drinking. The Shamrock Motel and Restaurant was owned by Louise Hathcock, who had shot and killed her ex-husband. She claimed self-defense. She was known to be part of a loosely organized crime syndicate, known as the state line mob. Depending on which stories you believe it could trace all the way back to the mafia up east, but their main thing was doing moonshine and prostitution. State line mob definitely were Buford's main enemies. In 1966, touristing at the Shamrock Motel filed a police report after they set a purse containing $125 had gone missing. Sheriff Pusser showed up at the establishment because the couple had made a complaint and he had already had interactions in the past with Louise and he went there. He had a conversation with Louise in a back room, just the two of them. And according to Buford, Louise pulled out a gun, shot at him, missed Buford pivoted turned and shot her and killed her. Buford said that Louise's bullet had "weaved by my ear." He said he dropped the floor and fired three shots, hitting her in the chest, face, and neck. Did he face any charges? He was found, not guilty by a grand jury, they came to an agreement that it was in self-defense. The year after Beaufort Pusser shot and killed Louise Hathcock, Beaufort's wife Pauline was murdered. What's up guys? It's Babish, and on this week's episode of In The Booth, I'm joined by Chef Cookbook author and Food Network Legend, Alex Goura Shelly. We're talking about shops, the Hamptons, and what it takes to make a cry worthy pasta. You can listen now wherever you get your podcasts. So like any good millennial, I have a love-hate relationship with Gen Z. It's the phenomenon rattling millennials. They just look at you. They want something bigger themselves, lifestyles a priority, motivation is being inspired. But regardless of how you feel about Gen Z, it's undeniable that they're changing national politics. Generations Z is increasingly showing less loyalty to traditional political parties. Many now more likely to identify as independent. So what is going on with the kids? I think the biggest misconception about Gen Z's politics right now is that all of a sudden they're all socialists. That is just not the case. Yeah. They are embracing candidates who are offering new bold ideas in the absence of those ideas from establishment Democrats. This week on America, actually, Gen Z researcher Rachel Jamfaza joins us to separate Gen Z fact versus fiction. It's not rocket science and this is, you know, I keep saying, like, young voters aren't that complicated after all. It's pretty simple. Catch us every Saturday on YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts. Sheriff Buford Pusser said he believed that the early morning attack that killed his wife was, quote, "linked to his crackdown on criminal activity at the Tennessee Mississippi border." He told reporters that he was sure the shooters were after him, not his wife. His assumption was that it was someone involved with the state line mob. He never really gave any specific names. It was more just they finally got me. The local district attorney, who was leading the investigation, said he believed that higher assassins were behind the shooting. The chief of the Tennessee Bureau of Criminal Identification told reporters, "We're not overlooking anything." A ballistics expert who examined the car that Buford and Pauline had been riding in said that the bullets that killed Pauline and wounded Buford were from a 30 caliber rifle. The investigation went on for years. Buford even took part in some points of the investigation, strangely enough. There were a few specific people in the state line mob, one individual named Toehead White, who was in jail at the time of the ambush, that they went and questioned. They questioned his girlfriend. There are transcripts now that show the girlfriend calling up Toehead going, "Why are the police trying to interview me about this ambush?" There were specific people that Buford wanted investigated, but those things all led to dead ends. They investigated for about 10 years, even going as far as reaching out to J. Edgar Hoover in the offices of FBI to run ballistic tests on bullets that they had found. Eventually, it became a cold case. No one was ever charged. No murder weapon was ever found. On September of 1967, a month after Pauline's death, the New York Daily News featured Buford Pusser in a two-page spread. They wrote that during his time as sheriff, he was responsible for destroying more than 30 stills, seizing more than 15,000 gallons of whiskey, and bringing three dozen moonshiners and bootleggers to justice. The article also talked about the many times that criminals had tried to kill him. They wrote that he had been shot, stabbed, and dragged down the road by a car. One deputy said Buford Pusser was jumped by six men while he was unarmed, adding, "The sheriff took three of them to the hospital and three of them to jail." The article said Buford was becoming a legend in West Tennessee. A Tennessee singer named Eddie Bond recorded a song about Buford. Eddie Bond went on to write a whole album of songs about him, including one called "Buford Pusser Goes Bear Hunting" with a switch. That same year, Buford Pusser shot and killed a man after he was called to disturbance at his home on Christmas Day. He set the man shot at him first. One headline after the shooting read, "Share if Buford Pusser adds to legend." CPS News correspondent Roger Mudd came to McNary County to interview Buford. And then in 1971, a writer named W.R. Morse published a biography of him called "The 12th of August." And then eventually that led to Hollywood getting hold of the story of all people it's Bing Crosby and his production company who catches a wind of the Pusser story and decides to bring it to the big screen. And this is a film that, you know, a little small drama not made for a lot of money. And at its peak, when it came out in theaters, it was making more money in theaters, especially in the South than the Godfather was, which at the time was still a sensation and had just won the Oscar for Best Picture. The movie was called "Walking Tall." Buford Pusser was played by actor Joe Don Baker. At first off, I don't want any car, truck or driver that even looks like a moon channel to move on our roads. "London, you and Chris, you handle how we do it?" At's for the movie said it was, quote, "The powerful and true story of Sheriff Buford Pusser who couldn't be bought and couldn't be killed." Buford said the movie was about 80 percent true. In the movie, Buford Pusser carries a big stick, which he uses to break up moonshine stills and beat people. During press appearances, he would autograph sticks for fans. One newspaper said the film was one of the most violent, yet most moving films of the season. One more view of the movie said, "Walking Tall deserves credit for creating mostly believable characters who are bigger than life, comic book dig." The movie cost $500,000 to produce and made more than $40 million worldwide. Generations, since people joined law enforcement because of what they saw on screen. By the time the movie came out in 1973, Buford was no longer the sheriff of McNary County. He lost when he tried to run for a fourth term in 1972. In August of 1974, it was announced that Buford would play himself in a sequel to the Walking Tall movie. He told a reporter at a press conference in Memphis, "The idea scares me some." He drove back home and was at a fair and got in his car, his Corvette that he had just bought, and he sped down the highway, and he got into a fiery wreck and died. Some people speculated that Buford's enemies had tampered with his car, but police investigating so they could find no evidence of foul play. One newspaper wrote, "Seven times while he was sheriff, attempts were made on his life." He died, a victim of his love for speed. After his death in 1974, what did you hear from people in McNary County about his death? I would say a certain amount of relief. Cammy Wilson is a former investigative reporter who grew up in Mississippi across the state line from McNary County. Everybody knew about Pusser. He was brutal. He would attack people and he was known as a violent person. What was shocking was how much he was glorified in the movie. In 1973, the year before Buford Pusser died, Cammy Wilson was working at a newspaper in Dayton, Ohio. Walking tall was playing in the local theaters. At that time, that was in the county in Ohio where I was working. That was the most watched movie that they had ever had. One day, my editor came back from lunch and came over to my desk and said, "Oh, I don't Are you from the county near McNairy County, did I see it? I said yes, I'm from Holkorn County, which is just over the line. And he said, "Well, I just watched Walking Tall. What do you think of that movie?" And I said, "Well, I think it's a fraud." And he said, "Well, I thought it was too, so I'm going to send you down there and I want you to do a story for us." Many Wilson went down to McNairy County to talk with people about what they knew. She talked with a mayor of Selmer, the county's seat, who had previously said that the plot of Walking Tall, "has little, if any, resemblance to the truth." She also talked with the sheriff of McNairy County at that time, Clifford Coleman, who built you for a boss, too, in 1972. And would you want it to be done by me or by Pusser, and he won the election. So anyway, he was sheriff at the time, and he had told me that Pusser would pull off the road at a fast-food restaurant and wait to see if I drove by, and at that time it was well known that civil rights workers, anybody that you disliked, had a certain danger of getting run off the road if somebody didn't like your stories or your activities. So I was trying to avoid that, so I always went a different route. You thought that Pusser himself might hurt you, but eventually, at the time, people would go down there and they would interview him and they would just swallow whatever he said. So he knew that I was looking for the real story. Camille Wilson said she talked with local club owners, one of whom told her they had regularly paid Beaufort Pusser bribes. People also told her that Louise Hathcock had also paid bribes to the county before being shot and killed. In the movie version of his story, Beaufort Pusser gets robbed and beaten up at a state-line club before becoming sheriff, and then goes back to the club and gets revenge, beating people up with his stick and getting his money back. He's put on trial and tells the courtroom he stood up for himself to show, quote, "There's still a little law in order left." He's found out guilty by the jury. Camille Wilson learned that in reality something different had happened. In 1960, while he was still living in Chicago, Beaufort had gone to a state-line club seeking revenge for an earlier incident. He beat up a man named W.O. Hathcock, a relative of Louise Hathcock, who was so badly injured that he was in the hospital for two weeks. Beaufort was charged with armed robbery. But when he was put on trial, he said he wasn't there that night. Pauline testified that he was in Illinois at the time, and Beaufort produced a punch-time card from his factory job in Chicago. He was found not guilty. He later said he blind. He readily admitted that he and his friends had gone to the club and they had beaten up Hathcock and they had taken the money that he had lost. He quibbled about the amount of the money. He said that he didn't take as much as they said he took. Camille Wilson also talked with one of Beaufort Pusser's former deputies. About the many times, Beaufort had reported being attacked or hurt on the job. He said that he was just beaten up in a lot of drunkard brawls and that he was often carved up in some of those drunkard brawls, that it didn't have anything to do with his activities as sheriff. He was drinking himself all very much, so in fact, I interviewed his stepdaughter who talked about how he would bring home cases of liquor and put them under the bed and if he was supposed to be sheriff, I was keeping so much of the illegal liquor for himself. Beaufort Pusser's stepdaughter Diane also talked with Camille Wilson about her mother's death. His stepdaughter told me that she thought he had killed her mother and she even supplied what she thought was a motive that she was planning to leave Pusser, the stepdaughter told me. Diane told Camille Wilson that Beaufort Pusser was "a man to be afraid of." Camille says Diane was not the only person who told her they thought Beaufort had killed his wife. A lot of people did, now that doesn't mean that everybody did, but that was the common knowledge. When she got back to Ohio, Camille Wilson called up Beaufort Pusser for an interview. I asked him about all the rumors that he had shot his wife and I asked him if he had been having affairs and he, of course, died it and I asked him about taking bribes and I told him that I had an affidavit from a club owner and I asked him about his killing of Louise Haythcock. How did he react when he asked him those questions with anger but he was not surprised. You know, it wasn't like it was a call out of the blue. He knew that I had been asking people questions and that I had been gathering affidavits interviewing a number of people. He denied everything. Yes. The headline of Camille's article was "The Sheriff walked tall and violently." A year after Camille Wilson published her first article, she published another one, shortly after Beaufort Pusser's death. One thing is sure, she wrote, "Most citizens of McNary are not grieving." She also quoted a former sheriff from across the state line in Mississippi, who told her before Beaufort Pusser's death, "As far as I'm concerned, Pusser is just a thug." Did you think that maybe something might change in the investigation into Pauline's death after you wrote those articles? I would have hoped so, but it was a matter of money. I mean, once the movie came out, people would come to the county to see what had been going on there. And then when he was killed, then people began to really make money from the fact that people would come, they would stay in the local motels. People started giving them tours. They even created a Beaufort Pusser museum, so people loved the story. It was a complete fabrication, but they loved the story. They'll be right back. On Thursday, February 8, 2024, 50 years after Beaufort Pusser's death, a team from the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation went to the cemetery at Adamsville, Tennessee. They were there to exume the body of Pauline Pusser. I knew that there was going to be something there that was going to tell the true story. It was going to give Pauline a voice from the grave. Oakley Dean Baldwin is a former sheriff's deputy from Wake County, North Carolina. He's also a distant relative of Pauline Pusser. I never met Pauline. Of course, I was only 12 years old when she was murdered. But my uncle, Johnny, who was our family historian, I want to say about the time the movies came out, maybe 73, he was telling me at a family reunion that we had a distant cousin who was murdered while she was riding with her husband. Oakley Dean Baldwin started looking into Pauline's story in 2014. He'd retired and was interested in learning more about his family tree. At the start, I had no clue other than what I had heard from the law enforcement circles. What Beaufort Pusser had told the TBI, that's the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation. At the start, I was, you know, I believed that. You know, they were ambushed. Oakley Dean Baldwin read the 1960s case files, which detailed what Buford had said happened on the night of Pauline's murder. And he started gathering other pieces of evidence. Photographs of the crime scene, witness statements from people, things were not matching up. At the same time, another person states away in Arkansas was also looking into the case. A former deputy sheriff named Mike Elam. Mike was someone who loved Buford Pusser, loved the movie, loved the book. Writer Jason Garasio interviewed Mike Elam, who told him that as he started looking into Buford Pusser's story more, he got interested in the death of club owner Luis Halfcock, who Buford Chauten killed in 1966. But then he started doing some digging and he found Luis Halfcock's autopsy. And inside that autopsy, it showed that her wounds were not to the front of her. They were to the back, two shots in the back, one shot in the back of the head. That is very different than what Buford said happened in that room when supposedly she pulled a gun on him. Mike Elam also found that Luis Halfcock's autopsy report was never shown to the grand jury that chose not to indict Buford Pusser for her murder. When Pauline was murdered the year after Luis Halfcock's death, there was no autopsy performed at all. You have this high profile sheriff with a 36-year-old wife who's murdered from an ambush that he's saying was from the mob and it didn't make any sense that they didn't do an autopsy other. There were other things about Pauline's murder that didn't make sense to Mike Elam or Oakley Dean Baldwin, either. What they both found out independently was a major red flag to both of these people who had careers in law enforcement was that there was too much blood on the outside of the car. That showed me that there was somebody violently injured on the outside of the car and Buford Pusser statement was that Pauline and his self were-- they were both shot inside the car only. Either someone was hit with a club or shot in front of that car on the outside. Then there was also Buford statement about how fast they were going on New Hope Road, how far away the other car was, how far away he went the second time he pulled over to check on Pauline. All these things when Mike Elam actually went and drove the whole route, he did exactly what Buford said he did that night. None of it added up, none of it made sense. Mike Elam and Oakley Dean Baldwin both published books about their findings. And then in 2022, the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation decided to reopen the investigation into Pauline's murder. And the first thing they have to do because it wasn't done 50 so years before was to give Pauline an autopsy. Good morning. Thank you all for being here. I'm Mark Davidson. I'm the District Attorney General for the 25th Judicial District. In August 2025, a press conference was held about Pauline's murder. Justice for Pauline has been a long time coming. And thanks to all the hard work put in by so many, we're finally able to announce to Pauline's surviving family and to the public that we believe we are as close as possible to justice. District Attorney Mark Davidson said the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation believed there were inconsistencies in what Buford Pusser had told law enforcement about Pauline's death, including physical, medical, forensic, ballistic, and reenactment evidence that contradicts his version of events. One of those pieces of evidence was Pauline Pusser's autopsy conducted in 2024. That autopsy reveals that her gunshot wound is in the back of her head, which completely just throws away Buford statement that he's looking right at her when she's shot in the forehead. The autopsy also reveals that Pauline had bruising in her nasal passage, which was thought to be that she had suffered domestic violence before her death. The TPI's investigative report about Pauline's murder, which was more than 1,000 pages long, also included statements from Buford Pusser's chief deputy that he had made almost a decade after Pauline died. He knew that Buford Pusser had beaten Pauline up just days before she was murdered. And another lady, she worked with Pauline and she saw Pauline with black eyes and bruises on her arms where she had been beaten up. His former deputy also said that shortly before her death, Pauline had gone to the local district attorney for help with getting a divorce. Investigators from the TPI spoke with two witnesses, who said they heard Pauline and Buford arguing the night before Pauline's death about his involvement with a woman named Pearl Wade. Pauline allegedly shouted that she would ruin Buford and would turn him in for taking bribes from businesses. Later that night, Buford was also seen trying to talk with a woman named Ann Henderson, who later confirmed that she'd also been having an affair with him. He was in a rage trying to get in the door and Buford was yelling, "Let me in. I'm going to die tonight. You'll be putting flowers on my grave." So she runs out of the house and they get into a big scuffle and he grabs her by the arm, but she manages to get away and goes back in the house and he leaves and he's spending his tires. And two hours later, maybe an hour later, we're not exactly sure, but that window of opportunity, Pauline's murdered. A medical examiner also looked at photos of Buford Pusser's facial wounds and concluded that he was shot at close range rather than from a distance, as he had claimed. They concluded that his wound was likely self-inflicted. At the press conference, District Attorney Mark Davidson said that they now believed that Pauline had most likely been shot outside of the car and then placed inside the car. They believed the crime scene had been staged. He said, quote, "There is probable cause to believe that Pauline's death was not an accident, but an act of intimate deliberate violence." If Buford Pusser was alive today, they felt they had enough probable cause to charge him or indict him with the murder of Pauline. When this all came out in Adamsville, you went there, you talked to people in town. What was the reaction? Was this a big deal in town? So when you go to Adamsville, Tennessee, which is in McNairy County, which is where Buford lived and where he patrolled, the legend of Buford Pusser is everywhere. When you drive up to the town line, there's a giant sign that says, "Welcome to Adamsville, home of Buford Pusser," with a silhouette of the man holding his trusty stick that he supposedly fought crime with. There's a giant water tower with that silhouette figure on it. His home has turned into a museum. Everything in Adamsville is about Buford Pusser. There were certainly people in town who once the DA had their press conference had a very knee-jerk reaction. Take Pusser off the signs that welcome you into the town, take them off the water tower. What are we going to do with the museum now? But there are certainly people that love the man there. After the report came out, people in Adamsville had a town hall meeting to talk about what to do next. Buford Pusser's granddaughter, Madison Bush, said, "This isn't over yet." One man who said he became a law enforcement officer because of Buford Pusser said that closing the Buford Pusser Museum would be letting this new day and age of the internet win. [BLANK_AUDIO] A man named Steve Sweatspoke. And I think it's terribly sad that they did this to a man who couldn't defend himself. I know. [APPLAUSE] One person said, I believe in America. People are innocent until proven guilty. The Buford Pusser Museum remains open. The top of their website reads, what's right and what's wrong is wrong, it doesn't matter who you are. It's a quote attributed to Buford Pusser. The town decided that they weren't going to change anything and they were still going to celebrate Buford Pusser. So the legend lives on. The legend absolutely still lives on. The annual Buford Pusser Festival was held last month in Adamsville. The legend of wider Buford no doubt. Matt Dylan cleaned the West down, it's a fight. There's a legend now for the world to see. And he's walking tall right here in Tennessee. Now law enforcement is born. Criminal is created by Lauren Spore and me. Nadia Wilson is our senior producer. Katie Bishop is our supervising producer. Our producers are Susanna Robertson, Jackie Sanjico, Lily Clark, and Lena Silason. This episode is fact checked by Katie Cedarborg. Our show is mixed and engineered by Veronica Seminetti. Julie Alexander makes original illustrations for each episode of Criminal. You can see them at ThisIsCriminal.com. And you can sign up for our newsletter at ThisIsCriminal.com/newsletter. We hope you'll consider supporting our work by joining our membership program, Criminal Plus. You can listen to Criminal, This Is Love, and Phoebe Reads' Mystery without any ads. Plus, you'll get bonus episodes. These are special episodes with me and Criminal Co-Creator Lauren Spore talking about everything, from how we make our episodes, to the crime stories, that caught our attention that week, to things we've been enjoying lately. To learn more, go to patreon.com/criminal. We're on Facebook at ThisIsCriminal, an Instagram and TikTok at Criminal_Podcast. We're also on YouTube at youtube.com/criminalpodcast. Criminal is part of the VOX Media Podcast Network. Just get for more great shows at podcast.voxmedia.com. I'm Phoebe Judge. This is Criminal. ♪ Big shoes to fill the heat's not around ♪ ♪ For the county that he loved, give his life ♪ ♪ But it's a dirty rotten world took his life ♪ ♪ It's a dirty rotten world and took his life ♪

Podcast Summary

Key Points:

  1. Phoebe Judge announces a new live tour with a family-focused, intimate show, featuring stops in Durham and Portland, Maine, with details available at ThisIsCriminal.com/live.
  2. The transcript details the 1967 ambush of Sheriff Buford Pusser and his wife Pauline on New Hope Road, where he claimed the attack was linked to his anti-moonshine crusade and state-line mob enemies.
  3. A 2024 re-investigation by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, prompted by new evidence and public scrutiny, revealed inconsistencies in Buford’s account—including a back-of-head gunshot wound to Pauline, bruising indicating domestic violence, and staged crime scene evidence—leading to the conclusion that her death was likely a deliberate act of intimate violence, not a random ambush.

Summary:

Phoebe Judge begins the episode by announcing a new live tour with her family, set to feature stops in Durham and Portland, Maine. The narrative then shifts to the true story of Sheriff Buford Pusser, a law enforcement figure in rural Tennessee known for his aggressive campaigns against moonshine bootlegging. In 1967, Pusser and his wife Pauline were ambushed on New Hope Road, an incident he claimed was tied to his conflicts with the state-line mob.

For decades, the case remained unsolved, with no arrests and no murder weapon found. However, a 2024 re-investigation by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, spurred by new forensic evidence and public demand for truth, uncovered critical inconsistencies in Pusser’s account. The autopsy revealed Pauline’s fatal wound was in the back of her head, not the forehead, and she had significant bruising suggesting prior domestic abuse.

Witnesses reported arguments between Pusser and Pauline about affairs, and medical analysis showed Pusser’s injury was from a close-range shot, likely self-inflicted. The investigation concluded that Pauline was likely shot outside the car and then placed inside, indicating a staged crime. The findings suggest a murder of intimate violence, not an accident.

Despite the evidence, the town of Adamsville, deeply invested in Pusser’s legend, has preserved his legacy through a museum and annual festival. While some residents reacted with shock or anger, others defend the tradition, stating that the story remains a part of their identity. The case exemplifies how public myths can persist even when facts contradict them.

FAQs

On September 12, 1967, Sheriff Buford Pusser and his wife Pauline were ambushed on New Hope Road. Pauline was shot, and Buford was wounded. The car was later attacked again, resulting in additional injuries. Pauline died at the scene and Buford survived with serious injuries.

No, Buford Pusser was never charged with her murder. The case was officially closed without charges, though investigations continued for decades. In 2024, a new forensic review concluded that his account of the events did not match the evidence.

The 2024 autopsy showed that Pauline was shot in the back of the head, not the forehead as Buford claimed. It also revealed bruising in her nasal passage, suggesting prior domestic abuse, which contradicts his version of events.

The TBI reopened the investigation after finding significant inconsistencies in Buford Pusser’s statements, including forensic evidence, witness accounts, and reenactments that contradicted his claimed version of the attack.

Evidence included the location of the gunshot wounds, the amount of blood on the car, the lack of an autopsy for Pauline, and reenactments that showed no one could have been hit in the distance as he claimed. Witnesses also reported domestic abuse and affairs between Pauline and Buford.

There was a strong reaction, with some residents demanding the removal of Buford Pusser's memorials and calling for the museum to close. However, others defended the legacy of Pusser, and the museum remains open as a symbol of community memory.

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